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If borrowers and lenders anticipate that the rate of inflation will be 5%, but instead it turns out to be 3%, which of the following is likely to occur? a. Lenders wish that they had made fewer loans. b. Borrowers wish that they had borrowed more money. c. The real interest rate is higher than expected. d. Insufficient loans will have been made by lenders to maintain profit levels.

Question

If borrowers and lenders anticipate that the rate of inflation will be 5%, but instead it turns out to be 3%, which of the following is likely to occur?

a. Lenders wish that they had made fewer loans.

b. Borrowers wish that they had borrowed more money.

c. The real interest rate is higher than expected.

d. Insufficient loans will have been made by lenders to maintain profit levels.

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Solution

The correct answer is:

c. The real interest rate is higher than expected.

The real interest rate is the nominal interest rate (the interest rate actually charged on the loan) minus the rate of inflation. If inflation is lower than expected, the real interest rate is higher than expected. This is because the purchasing power of the money the lender gets back is higher than they anticipated when they made the loan.

Option a is incorrect because lenders would actually benefit from the lower inflation rate, as the real value of the money they get back is higher. Option b is incorrect because borrowers would actually wish they had borrowed less, as the real cost of their loans is higher. Option d is incorrect because the number of loans made does not directly relate to the rate of inflation.

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