What is the hybridisation of carbon atom in C–X bond of allylic halides

The hybridization of the carbon atom in the C-X bond of allylic halides is sp3.

Here's the step-by-step explanation:

1. Identify the carbon atom bonded to the halogen (X). This carbon is the one we're interested in.

2. Count the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs of electrons around this carbon atom. In the case of allylic halides, the carbon atom is bonded to the halogen and two other carbon atoms, making a total of three sigma bonds. There are no lone pairs on the carbon.

3. Use the formula for hybridization, which is: Hybridization = 1/2 [Number of valence electrons on atom + Number of monovalent atoms - Charge]. Carbon has 4 valence electrons, is bonded to 3 atoms (the halogen and two carbons), and has no charge. So, the calculation would be: 1/2 [4 + 3 - 0] = 3.5.

4. The result, 3.5, is rounded down to the nearest whole number, 3, which corresponds to sp3 hybridization.

So, the carbon atom in the C-X bond of allylic halides is sp3 hybridized.