The study showed that contrary to Industry 4.0, Industry5.0 appears to be pulled by socio-environmental valuesand needs. Industry 5.0 is the logical continuation ofIndustry 4.0 that draws on commercially mature digitaland operations technologies and emerging disruptivetechnologies such as CAI and adaptive robots to promotehuman-centricity, resilience, and sustainable develop-ment. Industry 5.0 is expected to address the pressingsustainable development concerns by introducing circu-larity into industrial operations, enhancing synergybetween autonomous machines and humans, and regu-lating the pace and quality of digital industrialtransformation.The findings reveal that Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0share similarities but have notable differences. For exam-ple, both frameworks emphasize horizontal integration,which involves integrating different parts of the produc-tion process across the manufacturing supply chains toimprove productivity and reduce costs. Nonetheless, hor-izontal integration under Industry 5.0 goes beyond justintegrating various parts of the manufacturing value net-work. It integrates all stakeholders, including technologyproviders, labor unions, and government regulators, tocreate a seamless and collaborative network to governtechnological advancement. Another significant differ-ence between the two frameworks concerns the techno-logical focus. Although Industry 4.0 was pushed byemerging technologies such as the internet of thingsand cloud computing, these technologies are now com-monplace and considered standard in Industry 5.0.Instead, Industry 5.0 is associated with the emergence ofcognitive technologies that support human-machinesymbioses, such as artificial general intelligence, cognitivecyber-physical systems, and adaptive robots. These tech-nologies enable greater collaboration between humansand machines, and they have the potential to revolutio-nize the way we work and live. Overall, the findings implythat the critical difference between Industry 4.0 andIndustry 5.0 lies in the scope and nature of integrationand the technological properties that drive innovation442 M. GHOBAKHLOO ET AL.and economic values in each framework. While Industry4.0 is merely focused on economic performance, Industry5.0 seeks to balance triple bottom-line considerations byharnessing technology-driven productivity to enhancesocietal values.

its new advancements are helping in overcoming the challenges ofIndustry 4.0. Industry 5.0 not only led to the introduction of variousnew technologies but is also helping in overcoming the hamstringsof Industry 4.0. Hence, the focus would be to study the challengesfaced by Industry 4.0 and accordingly study the various Industry 5.0technologies to see how these technologies can be implemented andintegrated with the human workforce in the industry to overcome thelimitations.

3. Methodology and content synthesisIndustry 5.0 appears to be unfolding, making it hard todefine within the scholarly literature. Industry 5.0builds on the idea of Industry 4.0 to representa socially pulled and technologically pushed digitaltransformation phenomenon. Therefore, the studydrew on the Industry 4.0 literature (e.g [1; 25]., tocontextually define Industry 5.0 based on its under-lying technologies, design principles, and componentsto address the vagueness surrounding this concept.The Industry 4.0 literature proposes that the digitalmanufacturing ecosystem under Industry 4.0 consistsof several components, such as smart factories, smartsuppliers, and intelligent customers [1,26]. Industry 4.0transformation also entails manufacturers integratinga large spectrum of mature standard technologies andemerging disruptive technological innovations [27].Similarly, the study proposes that integrating var-ious standard and emerging technologies across theentire value network is at the heart of the Industry 5.0transformation agenda. Alternatively, scholars arguethat manufacturing digitalization under Industry 4.0also involves developing necessary design principlesthat allow components such as smart factories to lever-age technological constituents effectively [26,28].Consistently, the content analysis also identifies the

A Multi‑Criteria Decision‑Making Framework to Evaluate the Impactof Industry 5.0 Technologies: Case Study, Lessons Learned, Challengesand Future DirectionsMohamed Abdel‑Basset1 · Rehab Mohamed1 · Victor Chang 2Accepted: 22 January 2024© The Author(s) 2024AbstractSmart technologies have demonstrated striking outcomes regarding the early diagnosis of diseases and the delivery ofthe necessary healthcare in the last decade. However, by emphasizing the core fundamentals of social justice and sustain-ability, together with digitalization and smart technologies that predicate raising productivity and flexibility, Industry5.0 has proven to achieve more efficient results. Industry 5.0 technologies provide more intelligent ways for humanemployees and higher efficiency development while also improving safety and performance in many applications. In thisresearch, the contribution is focused on the healthcare and how Industry 5.0 technologies demonstrate several advantagesfor the healthcare sector, starting with automated and precise disease prediction, moving on to aiding medical personnelin continual surveillance and monitoring and concluding with successful digital automation of smart equipment. Theobjective of this study is to apply a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach under a neutrosophic environmentto evaluate the advantages of industry 5.0 technologies in the healthcare sector. Industry 5.0 primary value is to reachhuman-centric, sustainable, and resilient industries. While Industry 5.0 technologies sub-values regarding the healthcaresector are determined and distinguished according to the 3-main values mentioned previously based on literature. Themethodologies applied in this study are: The Analytical Hierarchy approach (AHP) evaluates the main values and sub-values. Subsequently, the effectiveness of industry 5.0 technologies according to their values to the healthcare sectorare ranked by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The approach is constructedunder uncertainty based on a neutrosophic environment to achieve accuracy in the evaluation process. The results showthat the most influential technology in healthcare are AI and cloud computing, while nano-technology, drone technology,and robots are at the end of the ranking. While validating the suggested technique, outcome comparisons were carriedout to demonstrate the benefits of the methodologies. A sensitivity study indicates that adjusting the weightings of thesub-values has no significant effect on the ranking of technologies.Keywords Industry 5.0 · Healthcare · Multi-criteria decision-making · AHP · TOPSIS1 IntroductionThe industrial revolution has changed from decade to dec-ade; at the moment, industrial businesses compete globally.Nearly every aspect of human life has been impacted bythe numerous advancements in science and technology.Industry 5.0 has added a unique perspective where, withcutting-edge technology, the industrial market has reacheda level never before attained. The review reveals that Indus-try 4.0 is concentrated on productivity that is powered bytechnology (Ghobakhloo et al., 2022). Based on this, Indus-try 5.0 is conscious of the social and sustainability aspectsthat Industry 4.0 lacks. Whereas industry 5.0 competencies* Victor [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University,Sharqiyah 44519, Egypt2 Department of Operations and Information Management,Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

De acordo com Praveen, a Indústria 5.0 é a próxima evolução industrial. O seu objetivo é alavancar a criatividade de especialistas humanos em colaboração com máquinas eficientes, inteligentes e precisas, a fim de obter soluções de fabricação eficientes em termos de recursos, ganhando a preferência do usuário em comparação com a Indústria 4.0.Por sua vez, a Indústria 5.0 busca alavancar a criatividade única de especialistas humanos, para colaborar com máquinas poderosas, inteligentes e precisas. Muitos visionários técnicos acreditam que a Indústria 5.0 trará de volta o toque humano à indústria manufatureira.Espera-se que a Indústria 5.0 mescle as máquinas de alta velocidade e precisão com o?CRÉDITO: TECHEDGE (2022) A com a versatilidade do corpo humano. B com a capacidade de um computador entender a fala. C com o pensamento crítico e cognitivo dos humanos. D com a estrutura de um servidor de dados de grandes corporações. E com o conhecimento empírico de cada ser humano.

Introduction to the Special Section:Convergence of Automation Technology,Biomedical Engineering, and Health InformaticsToward the Healthcare 4.0Zhibo Pang , Senior Member, IEEE, Geng Yang , Member, IEEE, Ridha Khedri, Member, IEEE,and Yuan-Ting Zhang, Fellow, IEEEAbstract—Industry 4.0 is spilling out from manufacturingto healthcare. In this article, we provide a brief history andkey enabling technologies of Industry 4.0, and its revolu-tion in healthcare—Healthcare 4.0—and its reshaping of thelandscape of the entire healthcare value chain. We discussthe shift in the system design paradigm from open, small,and single loop to closed, large, and multiple loops. We pro-vide the example of a Caregiving Home, and discuss emerg-ing research topics and challenges, including healthcare bigdata, automated medical production, healthcare robotics,and human–robot symbiosis. Relevant papers published inthis special section are also presented.Index Terms—Caregiving Home, convergence, Health-care 4.0, healthcare robotics, human–robot symbiosis,Industry 4.0.I. I NTRODUCTIONTHE FOURTH REVOLUTION of industry (Industry 4.0)is reshaping all the segments of industries. Pulled bygrand social challenges, automation technologies are dramat-ically “spilling out” from traditional scenarios, such as factoriesand workshops, to everyday life. The traditional research areasof biomedical engineering and health informatics for the agingThis work was supported in part by Open Foundation of the StateKey Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems at ZhejiangUniversity under the Grant GZKF-201703, in part by the FundamentalResearch Funds for the Central Universities, in part by the Open Foun-dation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Sys-tems, in part by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of theNational Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51521064, inpart by NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrializationand Informatization under Grant U1509204, and in part by the NaturalSciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) underGrant RGPIN 2014-06115. (Corresponding author: Geng Yang.)Z. Pang is with the ABB AB, Corporate Research, V ¨aster ˚as 72178,Sweden (e-mail: [email protected]).G. Yang is with the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mecha-tronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027, China (e-mail: [email protected]).R. Khedri is with the Department of Computing and Software, Facultyof Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada(e-mail: [email protected]).Y.-T. Zhang is with the Department of Mechanical and Biomedical En-gineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (e-mail: [email protected]).Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/RBME.2018.2848518population have gained unprecedented interest from the automa-tion industry. The research landscape in both academia and in-dustry is significantly reshaped with the cross-disciplinary syn-ergy of expertise and the deep convergence of automation tech-nology, biomedical engineering, and health informatics. Thistrend has been driving the rapid development of health engi-neering, an emerging interdisciplinary field for the predictive,preventive, precise, and personalized medicine. More powerfultools from process or factory automation, such as distributedcontrol systems and robotics, are penetrating into biomedicineand healthcare applications [1], [2]. For example, research ac-tivities related to robotics for biomedicine and healthcare havebeen largely intensified in the recent years [3], [4].The goal of this special section is threefold: 1) to reviewthe advancement in the convergence of automation technology,biomedical engineering, and health informatics; 2) to identifythe gap between the state-of-the-art of research and industrialdemands; and 3) to envision the directions for future research.The application scenarios can cover single or multiple scenariosof health engineering, such as primary care, preventive care,predictive technologies, hospitalization, home care, and occu-pational health. We focus on the cross-disciplinary approaches,solutions, and initiatives rather than single disciplinary ones.II. I MPACT OF I NDUSTRY 4.0 TO HEALTHCAREA. Industry 4.0 Basics and Key TechnologiesIndustry 4.0 (also sometimes spelled as Industrie 4.0) is avision for a new industrial revolution put forward by the Com-munication Promoters Group of the Industry–Science ResearchAlliance to further enhance Germsany’s manufacturing industry[5]. Several other countries, such as China and India, followedby articulating similar visions. The current advances in the fol-lowing areas trigger the Industry 4.0 vision.Cyber-physical systems (CPS) refers to the area where sys-tems incorporate computation and physical processes. Thesophistication that is reached in harnessing machine controlthrough computing provides unprecedented efficiency in thephysical processes and gives levels of performance neverreached before. As early as the 1970s, we started to designsystems where we embedded the computing driven control into