A Multi‑Criteria Decision‑Making Framework to Evaluate the Impactof Industry 5.0 Technologies: Case Study, Lessons Learned, Challengesand Future DirectionsMohamed Abdel‑Basset1 · Rehab Mohamed1 · Victor Chang 2Accepted: 22 January 2024© The Author(s) 2024AbstractSmart technologies have demonstrated striking outcomes regarding the early diagnosis of diseases and the delivery ofthe necessary healthcare in the last decade. However, by emphasizing the core fundamentals of social justice and sustain-ability, together with digitalization and smart technologies that predicate raising productivity and flexibility, Industry5.0 has proven to achieve more efficient results. Industry 5.0 technologies provide more intelligent ways for humanemployees and higher efficiency development while also improving safety and performance in many applications. In thisresearch, the contribution is focused on the healthcare and how Industry 5.0 technologies demonstrate several advantagesfor the healthcare sector, starting with automated and precise disease prediction, moving on to aiding medical personnelin continual surveillance and monitoring and concluding with successful digital automation of smart equipment. Theobjective of this study is to apply a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach under a neutrosophic environmentto evaluate the advantages of industry 5.0 technologies in the healthcare sector. Industry 5.0 primary value is to reachhuman-centric, sustainable, and resilient industries. While Industry 5.0 technologies sub-values regarding the healthcaresector are determined and distinguished according to the 3-main values mentioned previously based on literature. Themethodologies applied in this study are: The Analytical Hierarchy approach (AHP) evaluates the main values and sub-values. Subsequently, the effectiveness of industry 5.0 technologies according to their values to the healthcare sectorare ranked by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The approach is constructedunder uncertainty based on a neutrosophic environment to achieve accuracy in the evaluation process. The results showthat the most influential technology in healthcare are AI and cloud computing, while nano-technology, drone technology,and robots are at the end of the ranking. While validating the suggested technique, outcome comparisons were carriedout to demonstrate the benefits of the methodologies. A sensitivity study indicates that adjusting the weightings of thesub-values has no significant effect on the ranking of technologies.Keywords Industry 5.0 · Healthcare · Multi-criteria decision-making · AHP · TOPSIS1 IntroductionThe industrial revolution has changed from decade to dec-ade; at the moment, industrial businesses compete globally.Nearly every aspect of human life has been impacted bythe numerous advancements in science and technology.Industry 5.0 has added a unique perspective where, withcutting-edge technology, the industrial market has reacheda level never before attained. The review reveals that Indus-try 4.0 is concentrated on productivity that is powered bytechnology (Ghobakhloo et al., 2022). Based on this, Indus-try 5.0 is conscious of the social and sustainability aspectsthat Industry 4.0 lacks. Whereas industry 5.0 competencies* Victor [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University,Sharqiyah 44519, Egypt2 Department of Operations and Information Management,Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

Industry 5.0 for Healthcare 5.0: Opportunities,Challenges and Future Research PossibilitiesL. Gomathi Anand Kumar Mishra Amit Kumar Tyagi[0000−0003−2657−8700]School of Computer Science and Engineering NIIT University Department of Fashion TechnologyVellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Neemrana, India National Institute of Fashion TechnologyChennai, India [email protected] New Delhi, [email protected] [email protected]—Industry 5.0 is the subsequent stage in the developmentof manufacturing and production systems that combines cutting-edgetechnology with human intelligence and skills. The healthcare sectorhas been developing over time, going through significant changes atevery stage. The emerging idea of Industry 5.0 in the healthcare sector,also known as Healthcare 5.0—and its potential applications in thehealthcare sector are examined in this paper. Healthcare 5.0 makes useof cutting-edge technologies to revolutionise healthcare delivery,improve patient outcomes, and improve the healthcare experience as awhole. Industry 5.0 places a strong emphasis on the integration ofhumans, machines, and technology in the manufacturing industry. Thepaper discusses Healthcare 5.0’s potentials and opportunities,including personalised medicine, sophisticated diagnostics,telemedicine, and more patient-centric care, all of which are madepossible by the application of cutting-edge technologies like ArtificialIntelligence (AI), blockchain, big data analytics, and robotics. Thepaper also discusses the difficulties and problems that must be solvedfor Healthcare 5.0 to be implemented successfully, including datasecurity and privacy, ethical and legal issues, the need for appropriateskills and training for healthcare professionals, and cost-effectiveness.Index Terms—Industry 5.0, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence,Blockchain, Cognitive Systems, Big Data Analytics, HumanCentric,SustainabilityI. INTRODUCTIONBuilding on the first four industrial revolutions [1], Industry5.0 is the most recent manufacturing and industrial sectorevolution. This idea emphasises the significance of humanskills and abilities in manufacturing and production processes.In the late 18th century, mechanisation and steam power gaverise to Industry 1.0, while the assembly line and massproduction was brought about by Industry 2.0 in the early 20thcentury. In the 1970s, industry 3.0 introduced the use ofcomputers and automation; in industry 4.0 [2, 23 and 24], theIndustrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) emerged along with the widespread adoption of data andconnectivity in the manufacturing sector. Since the firstIndustrial Revolution, advancements in manufacturing havemade manufacturing processes more complex, automatic, andsustainable so that machines can be operated, effectively, andpersistently

its new advancements are helping in overcoming the challenges ofIndustry 4.0. Industry 5.0 not only led to the introduction of variousnew technologies but is also helping in overcoming the hamstringsof Industry 4.0. Hence, the focus would be to study the challengesfaced by Industry 4.0 and accordingly study the various Industry 5.0technologies to see how these technologies can be implemented andintegrated with the human workforce in the industry to overcome thelimitations.

The study showed that contrary to Industry 4.0, Industry5.0 appears to be pulled by socio-environmental valuesand needs. Industry 5.0 is the logical continuation ofIndustry 4.0 that draws on commercially mature digitaland operations technologies and emerging disruptivetechnologies such as CAI and adaptive robots to promotehuman-centricity, resilience, and sustainable develop-ment. Industry 5.0 is expected to address the pressingsustainable development concerns by introducing circu-larity into industrial operations, enhancing synergybetween autonomous machines and humans, and regu-lating the pace and quality of digital industrialtransformation.The findings reveal that Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0share similarities but have notable differences. For exam-ple, both frameworks emphasize horizontal integration,which involves integrating different parts of the produc-tion process across the manufacturing supply chains toimprove productivity and reduce costs. Nonetheless, hor-izontal integration under Industry 5.0 goes beyond justintegrating various parts of the manufacturing value net-work. It integrates all stakeholders, including technologyproviders, labor unions, and government regulators, tocreate a seamless and collaborative network to governtechnological advancement. Another significant differ-ence between the two frameworks concerns the techno-logical focus. Although Industry 4.0 was pushed byemerging technologies such as the internet of thingsand cloud computing, these technologies are now com-monplace and considered standard in Industry 5.0.Instead, Industry 5.0 is associated with the emergence ofcognitive technologies that support human-machinesymbioses, such as artificial general intelligence, cognitivecyber-physical systems, and adaptive robots. These tech-nologies enable greater collaboration between humansand machines, and they have the potential to revolutio-nize the way we work and live. Overall, the findings implythat the critical difference between Industry 4.0 andIndustry 5.0 lies in the scope and nature of integrationand the technological properties that drive innovation442 M. GHOBAKHLOO ET AL.and economic values in each framework. While Industry4.0 is merely focused on economic performance, Industry5.0 seeks to balance triple bottom-line considerations byharnessing technology-driven productivity to enhancesocietal values.

The Future of Healthcare with Industry 5.0: PreliminaryInterview-Based Qualitative AnalysisJuliana Basulo-Ribeiro and Leonor Teixeira *Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), Institute of Electronicsand Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected]* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234370361Abstract: With the advent of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), healthcare is undergoing a profound transformation,integrating human capabilities with advanced technologies to promote a patient-centered, efficient,and empathetic healthcare ecosystem. This study aims to examine the effects of Industry 5.0 onhealthcare, emphasizing the synergy between human experience and technology. To this end,6 specific objectives were found, which were answered in the results through an empirical studybased on interviews with 11 healthcare professionals. This article thus outlines strategic and policyguidelines for the integration of I5.0 in healthcare, advocating policy-driven change, and contributesto the literature by offering a solid theoretical basis on I5.0 and its impact on the healthcare sector.Keywords: Industry 5.0; technological innovation; digital health; generation Z; digital transformation1. IntroductionAs we enter a new era defined by Industry 5.0 (I5.0), we witness a symbiosis betweenhuman capabilities and technological innovations, reshaping the healthcare ecosystem onan unprecedented scale [1 ,2 ]. The importance of this topic lies in its ability to radicallytransform not just the existing healthcare systems but also to fundamentally reinvent thehealthcare model [1, 3]. As mentioned by Gomathi and Mishra [4], “Industry 5.0 is predictedto revolutionize the healthcare sector”.This way, the concept of “Industry 5.0” is gaining traction as a model that blendstechnology, machinery, and human input, being an evolution of Industry 4.0. This ap-proach (I5.0) is increasingly relevant to the healthcare industry as well, where it is knownas “Healthcare 5.0”. It introduces a paradigm where technology not only supports butamplifies human competence, promoting unprecedented collaboration between doctors,patients, and machines. In this context, Healthcare 5.0 leverages advanced technologies totransform patient care, healthcare services, technologists, and the overall patient experience,bringing significant benefits to the healthcare sector [2–6].The I5.0 revolution advocates for the actualization of sustainable practices and theharmonization of technology with human values and is viewed as a progressive stridetoward fulfilling sustainable development goals [ 5, 7]. The Sustainable Development Goalsare “an integrated framework of human, social, and environmental development objec-tives that include 17 goals” [ 8 ]. I5.0 in healthcare carries the transformative potential toadvance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 3, which focuses onensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages [ 9]. By integrating smarttechnologies, I5.0 can revolutionize patient care, making health services more accessible andpersonalized, thereby directly contributing to the goal’s fulfillment [1 ]. The ripple effectsof such advancements also help in achieving SDG 8, as I5.0 technologies can create newjob opportunities and promote sustained, inclusive economic growth within the differentsectors, among which the healthcare sector is included [ 9, 10 ]. The impact of I5.0 on healthwithin the framework of SDG9 is addressed through an emphasis on collaboration betweenFuture Internet 2024, 16, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030068 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet

INDUSTRY 5.0: ANALYSIS, APPLICATIONS AND PROGNOSISDr. Shweta JoglekarAssistant [email protected] Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship Development, PuneDr. Sachin [email protected], Director ICT BV (DU)Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship Development, PuneDr. Sonali [email protected] ProfessorBharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship Development, PuneABSTRACTIndustries are the major forces behind economic growth. However, the industries and its workers are directlyimpacted by changes brought about by the technological revolutions.Industry 4.0, is here for the last one decade and is still growing in attention and acceptance throughout theworld. It integrates the real world with its "virtual twins." Industry 4.0 has revamped the production systems byimproving the operational effectiveness and developed novel business models, products and services. Industry4.0 focuses on increasing the productivity and sustainability of industrial processes and emphasizes on both, vizdigitalization and digitization of systems which may further lead to improvements. Many countries haveinvested significantly to harness its benefits and a substantial amount of research has been carried out intocreating and implementing Industry 4.0 technologies.A new industrial paradigm called Industry 5.0 emerged very shortly after Industry 4.0, sparking discussionsregarding the new paradigm's purpose and justifications for its use. Industry 4.0 is less focused on humans andmore on machines and systems. As a result, various countries have initiated to design and develop the human-centric aspect of technologies, systems, and services, known as Industry 5.0. It is a shift in paradigm that willplace less emphasis on technology and will impact and influence societal transformation. Industry 4.0 is drivenby technology whereas Industry 5.0 is driven by value. Human welfare, sustainability and resilience will be thearea of focus of Industry 5.0. It is conceived as an expansion of Industry 4.0 with a social and environmentalcomponent. The coexistence of two Industrial Revolutions viz 4.0 and 5.0, raises issues, which calls for debatesand explanations.This paper aims to discuss Industry 5.0, analyze its potential opportunities and applications, explain the varioustechnologies enabling it, focus on inherent challenges in its implementation, and discuss its prospects.Keywords: Industrial Revolution, Industry 5.0, COBOTS, Human Machine CollaborationOrganization of the paperSection 1 provides a brief discussion on the Industrial Revolution and its progression from Industry 1.0 toIndustry 5.0. It defines Industry 5.0 from the viewpoint of different authors and highlights its attributes. Section2 defines and introduces Industry 5.0 with a detailed literature review on its concepts and ideas. Applications ofIndustry 5.0 and its social implications are highlighted in section 3. Section 4 focuses on the technologies thatare the driving force behind Industry 5.0. In section 5, challenges of Industry 5.0 are discussed. The conclusionis provided by section 6, which summarizes the entire research paper and highlights the future course toward theimplementation of Industry 5.0.IntroductionDisruptive technical innovations have historically been the main drivers of industrial revolutions, alteringmanufacturing paradigms and the methods for meeting consumer demand.By enabling machines to produce items using newly devised methods and techniques, Industry 1.0, whichoccurred in the eighteenth century, significantly altered the industrial systems. The switch from manual tosteam- or water-powered industrial equipment characterized the 1 st Industrial Revolution. Due to the arrival of