Freedom's FermentJon Reese1 One of the reform movements that arose during the "freedom's ferment" of the early nineteenth century was a drive for greater rights for women, especially in the political area. Women were heavily involved in many of the reform movements of this time, but they discovered that while they did much of the drudge work, with few exceptions (such as Dorothea Dix) they could not take leadership roles or lobby openly for their goals. Politically, women were to be neither seen nor heard. The drudgery of daily housework and its deadening impact on the mind also struck some women as unfair.2 The convention at Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848, was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two Quakers whose concern for women's rights was aroused when Mott, as a woman, was denied a seat at an international antislavery meeting in London. The Seneca Falls meeting attracted 240 sympathizers, including forty men, among them the famed former slave and abolitionist leader, Frederick Douglass. The delegates adopted a statement, deliberately modeled on the Declaration of Independence, as well as a series of resolutions calling for women's suffrage and the reform of marital and property laws that kept women in an inferior status.3 Very little in the way of progress came from the Seneca Falls Declaration, although it would serve for the next seventy years as the goal for which the suffrage movement strove. Women's suffrage and nearly all of the other reforms of this era were swallowed up by the single issue of slavery and its abolition, and women did not receive the right to vote until the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1920.QuestionThe overall purpose of this passage isResponsesA descriptivedescriptiveB informativeinformativeC narrativenarrativeD persuasive

Why did a formal women's rights movement emerge in the 1840s?Multiple choice question.Women felt excluded from the temperance and abolitionist movements when the movements turned toward organized politics.Women took nursing positions during the Mexican-American War and wanted more leadership positions.The Whigs and the Democrats signaled that they might be willing to work with an organized movement.There was a new generation of female leaders who were more charismatic than the older generation.

by Kaethe Schirmacher     The woman's rights movement is now more strongly organized and has penetrated the society. There are many causes for this: women's greater freedom of activity; more vigorous training in self-reliance and responsibility; more significant superiority in numbers of women in Germanic countries, which has forced women to adopt business or professional callings other than domestic. However, North America is the cradle of the woman's rights movement. It was the War of Independence of the colonies against England (1774-1783) that matured the woman's rights movement. In the name of "freedom," this cause entered the history of the world.     In these troubled times, the American women had, by energetic activities and unyielding suffering, entirely fulfilled their duty as citizens, and at the Convention in Philadelphia, in 1787, they demanded as citizens the right to vote. The Constitution of the United States was being drawn up at that time, and by 1789 had been ratified by the thirteen states then existing. In nine of these states, the right to vote in municipal and state affairs had hitherto been exercised by all "free-born citizens" or all "taxpayers" and "heads of families," the state constitutions being based on the principle: no taxation without representation.     Among these "free-born citizens," "taxpayers," and "heads of families," there were naturally many women who were consequently both voters and active citizens. So woman's right to vote in the above-named states was practically established before 1783. Only the states of Virginia and New York had restricted the suffrage to males in 1699 and 1777, Massachusetts and New Hampshire following their example in 1780 and 1784.     In view of this retrograde movement, American women attempted at the Convention in Philadelphia to secure a recognition of their civil rights through the Constitution of the whole federation of states. But the Convention refused this request; just as before, it left the conditions of suffrage to be determined by the individual states. To be sure, in the draft of the Constitution the Convention in no way opposed woman's suffrage. But the nine states which formerly, as colonies, had practically given women the right to vote, had in the meantime abrogated1 this right through the insertion of the word "man" in their election laws, and the first attempt of the American women to secure an expressed constitutional recognition of their rights as citizens failed.     These proceedings gave to the woman's rights movement of the United States a political character from the very beginning. Since then, the American women have labored untiringly for their political emancipation. The anti-slavery movement gave them an excellent opportunity to participate in public affairs.     Since the women had had experience of oppression and slavery, and since they, like negroes, were struggling for the recognition of their "human rights," they were amongst the most zealous opponents of "slavery," and belonged to the most enthusiastic defenders of "freedom" and "justice."     Among the Quakers, who played a very prominent part in the anti-slavery movement, man and woman had the same rights in all respects in the home and church. When the first anti-slavery society was formed in Boston in 1832, twelve women immediately became members. . . .     The principle of the equality of the sexes, which the Quakers held, was opposed by the majority of the population, who held to the Puritanic principle of woman's subordination to man. In consequence of this principle, it was at that time considered "monstrous" that a woman should speak from a public platform.     Even the educated classes shared the prejudice against woman. To them she was a "human being of the second order."1. abrogated — to cancel officially5Select ALL the correct answers.Which two words define the term proceedings as it is used in the fifth paragraph of the passage? negotiations events actions pursuits cases

Chapter 18: The Progressive Era, 1900–[email protected](s) 553-55418.2. How did the labor and women’s movements challenge the nineteenth-century meanings of American freedom?There were many varieties of Progressivism. What was the one issue on which all Progressives agreed?Society needed to return to the stability inherent in a monarchical system of government based on eighteenth-century Britain.Freedom must be infused with new meaning to deal with the economic and social conditions of the early twentieth century.Large corporations were a permanent feature of the American economy, but the federal government needed to address the concentration of wealth and social injustice.Immigration needed to be severely limited before native-born Americans became foreigners in their own country.

What societal change was beginning to take place when Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women?There was more freedom for women to express their ideas and display some independence.There was less freedom for women to express their ideas or display independence.There was a push for literature to be written to teach women about their place in society.There was a push for more women authors to write literature for women as an encouragement to join the feminist movement.

What was or were the reasons for expansion of women's prison reform in mid-late 19th century?Group of answer choicesNational organizations espousing a "new penology" began addressing women in prison.Poor, particularly immigrant women were seen as contributing to social disorder.The Social Purity crusade in the 1870s.All of the above.