At 298 K, the standard electrode potentials of Mg2+/Mg, Ni2+/Ni, Cu2+/Cu and Au3+/Au are –2.36 V, –0.25 V, 0.34 V and 1.40 V respectivelyOn the basis of standard electrode potential, predict which of the following reactions can occur?
Question
At 298 K, the standard electrode potentials of Mg2+/Mg, Ni2+/Ni, Cu2+/Cu and Au3+/Au are –2.36 V, –0.25 V, 0.34 V and 1.40 V respectivelyOn the basis of standard electrode potential, predict which of the following reactions can occur?
Solution
To predict which reactions can occur based on standard electrode potentials, we need to understand that a reaction is spontaneous if the standard cell potential (E°cell) is positive. The standard cell potential can be calculated using the formula:
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode
The cathode is where reduction occurs (gain of electrons), and the anode is where oxidation occurs (loss of electrons). In a spontaneous reaction, the substance with the higher standard electrode potential will be reduced, and the substance with the lower standard electrode potential will be oxidized.
Let's consider possible reactions between these elements:
- Mg and Ni: E°cell = E°Ni - E°Mg = -0.25 - (-2.36) = 2.11 V
- Mg and Cu: E°cell = E°Cu - E°Mg = 0.34 - (-2.36) = 2.70 V
- Mg and Au: E°cell = E°Au - E°Mg = 1.40 - (-2.36) = 3.76 V
- Ni and Cu: E°cell = E°Cu - E°Ni = 0.34 - (-0.25) = 0.59 V
- Ni and Au: E°cell = E°Au - E°Ni = 1.40 - (-0.25) = 1.65 V
- Cu and Au: E°cell = E°Au - E°Cu = 1.40 - 0.34 = 1.06 V
Since all these E°cell values are positive, all these reactions can occur spontaneously.
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