Consider the following scenarioYour local community pharmacy has received the following prescription which needs to be extemporaneously prepared. The medication is prescribed for Master Ben Bee, 10 year old, of average body weight who has been diagnosed with acute uncomplicated diarrhoea.RxKaolin Mixt. Paediatric BPLight Kaolin 1gRaspberry Syrup 1mLBenzoic Acid Solution 0.1mLDouble-strength Chloroform Water 2.5 mLPurified Water to 5 mLM 100 mLGive 5-10 ml qqh prnAnswer the following questions:List the function of all the ingredients contained in the formulation. Explain why there are more than one preservative present in this formulation.Discuss the formulation factors that can influence the stability of this product.In your compounding dispensary, there is a stock solution of concentrated chloroform water (CCW) on the shelf. Calculate how much CCW solution (in mL) you will need use to prepare this product.Calculate all the quantities of the excipients you will need to dispense this prescription.Apart from the product the doctor has prescribed, can you suggest another pharmacy product (oral dosage form) that can be recommended to manage an acute uncomplicated diarrhoea in childrenThe following information may be helpful when answering these questions:Kaolin - is hydrated aluminium silicate powder with the particle diameter of 0.6-0.8 µm. It is practically insoluble in water, organic solvents, dilute acid and solutions of alkali hydroxides. pH is 4.0 - 7.5 for a 20% w/v aqueous slurry. It is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations as adsorbent. Oral doses of up to about 24 g of kaolin have been administered in the treatment of diarrhea. The adsorbent properties of kaolin may interfere with the absorption of other orally administered drugs. Light kaolin contains suitable dispersing agent. Kaolin may contain Clostridium and bacillus spores. Mixtures containing kaolin should be freshly prepared unless kaolin has been sterilised.Benzoic acid - is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals as an antimicrobial preservative. Benzoic acid solutions contain 1 - 5% benzoic acid. Greatest antimicrobial activity is seen at pH values between 2.5 - 4.5. A 0.1% w/v aqueous solution of benzoic acid has been reported as being stable for at least 8 weeks when stored at room temperature. Benzoic acid may dissociate into benzoate anion (-) which can adsorb onto drug particles in suspensions to affect the physical stability of the product.Concentrated chloroform water and chloroform water contain 10% v/v and 0.25% v/v of chloroform in water respectively.Ref: APF, Martindale, BP, Pharmaceutical excipients
Question
Consider the following scenarioYour local community pharmacy has received the following prescription which needs to be extemporaneously prepared. The medication is prescribed for Master Ben Bee, 10 year old, of average body weight who has been diagnosed with acute uncomplicated diarrhoea.RxKaolin Mixt. Paediatric BPLight Kaolin 1gRaspberry Syrup 1mLBenzoic Acid Solution 0.1mLDouble-strength Chloroform Water 2.5 mLPurified Water to 5 mLM 100 mLGive 5-10 ml qqh prnAnswer the following questions:List the function of all the ingredients contained in the formulation. Explain why there are more than one preservative present in this formulation.Discuss the formulation factors that can influence the stability of this product.In your compounding dispensary, there is a stock solution of concentrated chloroform water (CCW) on the shelf. Calculate how much CCW solution (in mL) you will need use to prepare this product.Calculate all the quantities of the excipients you will need to dispense this prescription.Apart from the product the doctor has prescribed, can you suggest another pharmacy product (oral dosage form) that can be recommended to manage an acute uncomplicated diarrhoea in childrenThe following information may be helpful when answering these questions:Kaolin - is hydrated aluminium silicate powder with the particle diameter of 0.6-0.8 µm. It is practically insoluble in water, organic solvents, dilute acid and solutions of alkali hydroxides. pH is 4.0 - 7.5 for a 20% w/v aqueous slurry. It is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations as adsorbent. Oral doses of up to about 24 g of kaolin have been administered in the treatment of diarrhea. The adsorbent properties of kaolin may interfere with the absorption of other orally administered drugs. Light kaolin contains suitable dispersing agent. Kaolin may contain Clostridium and bacillus spores. Mixtures containing kaolin should be freshly prepared unless kaolin has been sterilised.Benzoic acid - is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals as an antimicrobial preservative. Benzoic acid solutions contain 1 - 5% benzoic acid. Greatest antimicrobial activity is seen at pH values between 2.5 - 4.5. A 0.1% w/v aqueous solution of benzoic acid has been reported as being stable for at least 8 weeks when stored at room temperature. Benzoic acid may dissociate into benzoate anion (-) which can adsorb onto drug particles in suspensions to affect the physical stability of the product.Concentrated chloroform water and chloroform water contain 10% v/v and 0.25% v/v of chloroform in water respectively.Ref: APF, Martindale, BP, Pharmaceutical excipients
Solution
Sure, here are the answers to your questions:
-
Functions of the ingredients:
- Light Kaolin: It is used as an adsorbent in the treatment of diarrhea. It helps in binding the toxins or bacteria that might be causing the diarrhea, thus providing relief.
- Raspberry Syrup: This is used as a flavoring agent to make the medicine more palatable for the child.
- Benzoic Acid Solution: This is used as a preservative to prevent the growth of microbes in the medicine.
- Double-strength Chloroform Water: This is used as a solvent in the formulation.
- Purified Water: This is used to adjust the volume of the formulation to the desired level.
-
There are more than one preservative present in this formulation to ensure the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and to enhance the stability of the product.
-
Formulation factors that can influence the stability of this product include pH, temperature, light exposure, and the presence of impurities. For example, the antimicrobial activity of benzoic acid is greatest at pH values between 2.5 - 4.5.
-
To prepare this product, you will need 2.5 mL of double-strength chloroform water, which contains 0.25% v/v of chloroform. To get this from a concentrated chloroform water solution that contains 10% v/v of chloroform, you would need 0.625 mL of the concentrated solution.
-
To dispense this prescription, you will need the following quantities of excipients:
- Light Kaolin: 1g
- Raspberry Syrup: 1mL
- Benzoic Acid Solution: 0.1mL
- Double-strength Chloroform Water: 2.5 mL
- Purified Water: To make up the volume to 5 mL
-
Apart from the prescribed product, another pharmacy product that can be recommended to manage acute uncomplicated diarrhea in children is oral rehydration salts (ORS). These help to replace the fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has a contusion of the brainstem and reports thirst. The client's urinary output was 4,000 mL over the past 24 hours. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following intravenous (IV) medications?A. EpinephrineB. FurosemideC. NitroprussideD. Desmopressin
A patient is taking a daily 25 mg prednisolone tablet which is 100%bioavailable for treatment of ulcerative colitis, and his condition iswell controlled. The patient is to start taking a new prednisoloneformulation which is known to have bioavailability of 80%. What willbe the required dos from this formulation to control the patient’scondition
A 6-month-old male infant is hospitalized for nausea, vomiting, fevers, and failure to tolerate oral medica- tions. He is placed on Phenergan per rectum once daily to treat the nausea and vomiting. Which of the following statements is true about this route of administration? * (A) Allows destruction of the medication by gastric enzymes (B) Maximal biotransformation of the drug by the liver (C) Rectal administration of medications is well accepted (D) Rectal irritation following administration is uncommon (E) Useful if patient is unconscious or vomiting
Dosage and Concentration:
The nurse is admitting a new client from the emergency department who suffered a hemorrhagic stroke three days ago. Which of the following prescriptions and orders should the nurse question?Cassidy RhodyID: 112703Question 23Select all that apply:Insert an indwelling catheter due to impaired eliminationLabetalol 10 mg IV PRNIntake of 2000 mL of fluids per dayEnoxaparin 1 mg/kg SC q12hrsActive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises every 4 hours
Upgrade your grade with Knowee
Get personalized homework help. Review tough concepts in more detail, or go deeper into your topic by exploring other relevant questions.