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Consider a market with a demand curve of P = 134–q and a supply curve of P = 3q. What is the price elasticity of demand at the market equilibrium?

Question

Consider a market with a demand curve of P = 134–q and a supply curve of P = 3q. What is the price elasticity of demand at the market equilibrium?

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Solution

Para encontrar la elasticidad precio de la demanda en el equilibrio del mercado, primero debemos determinar el punto de equilibrio. Esto se hace igualando la curva de demanda y la curva de oferta.

  1. Igualamos las ecuaciones de demanda y oferta: 134q=3q 134 - q = 3q

  2. Resolvemos para q q : 134=4q 134 = 4q q=1344 q = \frac{134}{4} q=33.5 q = 33.5

  3. Ahora, encontramos el precio de equilibrio sustituyendo q q en cualquiera de las dos ecuaciones. Usaremos la ecuación de demanda: P=134q P = 134 - q P=13433.5 P = 134 - 33.5 P=100.5 P = 100.5

  4. Con el precio y la cantidad de equilibrio, podemos calcular la elasticidad precio de la demanda. La fórmula de la elasticidad precio de la demanda es: Ed=(dQdP)(PQ) E_d = \left( \frac{dQ}{dP} \right) \left( \frac{P}{Q} \right)

  5. Derivamos la función de demanda P=134q P = 134 - q respecto a q q para encontrar dQdP \frac{dQ}{dP} : P=134q P = 134 - q dPdq=1 \frac{dP}{dq} = -1 dqdP=1 \frac{dq}{dP} = -1

  6. Sustituimos los valores de P P y q q en la fórmula de elasticidad: Ed=(1)(100.533.5) E_d = \left( -1 \right) \left( \frac{100.5}{33.5} \right) Ed=100.533.5 E_d = - \frac{100.5}{33.5} Ed=3 E_d = -3

Por lo tanto, la elasticidad precio de la demanda en el equilibrio del mercado es 3-3.

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