• Example (Gensler, 2017):IF Jane slept in, she will be late to class;Jane isn’t late to class.THEREFORE: Jane didn’t oversleep.• This is a valid inference. A valid inference is one in which the conclusion(s) follows directly from thepremises.• What does ‘follow directly’ mean? It means that it is impossible (contradictory) for the premises to be alltrue but the conclusion false.• Logic is designed to help us distinguish between ‘valid’ and ‘invalid’ arguments: i.e. ways of reasoning fromwhich reliable inferences can be drawn vs. faulty lines of argument that eventually prove nothing.• It provides a range of precise rules and techniques for making such valid inferences, and for warning usabout pitfalls along the way

Which of the following is the study of the principles of valid Inference and demonstration?Question 2Answera.Factb.Logicc.Ruled.Argument

Inference is the act of drawing conclusions about something we can’t know for sure based on info we have assumed to be accurateGroup of answer choicesTrueFalse

What makes a valid argument?The conclusions really follows from the premises.All the premises are true.It comes from a well-respected expertIt uses precise scientific language.

When people interpret premises, they often make unwarranted assumptions they often fail to consider all possible interpretations of a premise they perform very well if given enough practice they often make unwarranted assumptions and fail to consider all possible interpretations of a premise

Read the following information to answer questions 7 to 9A valid argument is an argument where all the premises logically lead to the conclusion. A validargument does not have to be true, it just has to logically lead to the conclusion. A sound argument isboth valid and observably true. A cogent argument is where the premises almost certainly lead to theconclusion, but more information is needed. A fallacious argument is one where the premises cannotlead to the conclusion.Assuming that all the premises are observably true, what category do the following arguments fit into?Question 7Premise 1: Jill is a store employeePremise 2: All store employees have to wear a uniformConclusion: Jill has to wear a uniformA. ValidB. SoundC. CogentD. FallaciousE. Impossible to tellYear 8 Simulation Test – Verbal Reasoning © JAC COM Victoria Page3Question 8Premise 1: Jill makes a lot of sales: she is very good at retail.Premise 2: Jill is a Mac.Rob girl.Conclusion: Therefore, all Mac.Rob girls make a lot of sales and are very good at retail.A. ValidB. SoundC. CogentD. FallaciousE. Impossible to tellQuestion 9Premise 1: Jill is a retail workerPremise 2: No retail workers earn their living selling coffeeConclusion: Therefore, Jill does not make her living selling coffeeA. ValidB. SoundC. CogentD. FallaciousE. Impossible to tel