Which of the following is the study of the principles of valid Inference and demonstration?Question 2Answera.Factb.Logicc.Ruled.Argument

1. Show that the following argument with hypotheses on lines 1-2 and conclusion on line c is valid using the rules of inference and logical equivalences. Clearly label each step. 1 p → q Premise 2 (r ∨ s) → (p ∧ ¬q) Premise . . . c ¬r Conclusion

evidence establishes a fact without an inference

• Example (Gensler, 2017):IF Jane slept in, she will be late to class;Jane isn’t late to class.THEREFORE: Jane didn’t oversleep.• This is a valid inference. A valid inference is one in which the conclusion(s) follows directly from thepremises.• What does ‘follow directly’ mean? It means that it is impossible (contradictory) for the premises to be alltrue but the conclusion false.• Logic is designed to help us distinguish between ‘valid’ and ‘invalid’ arguments: i.e. ways of reasoning fromwhich reliable inferences can be drawn vs. faulty lines of argument that eventually prove nothing.• It provides a range of precise rules and techniques for making such valid inferences, and for warning usabout pitfalls along the way

Is presented in the thesis statement.Question 19Select one:a.Propositionb.Proof/ Evidencesc.Argumentationd.Argumentative Text

1. ______________________ is a statement about a parameter and deals with evaluating the value ofparameter.2. The two kinds of hypothesis are______________ and ____________.3. To formulate a hypothesis, the steps are:a. ________________________________________b. ________________________________________c. ________________________________________d. ________________________________________4. The test of hypothesis can be __________________ if the alternative hypothesis uses ≠ symbol or__________________ if it uses <or > symbols.5. The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis can be denoted as ______ and ______, respectively.