John is a 30-year-old man who has spent the past few weeks training for a marathoncompetition, which will take place in three months.(a) Demonstrate your understanding of the structure and physiology of the lungby explaining why John is able to run faster than his twin sister who is alsotraining for the same marathon.

If a marathon runner averages 9.5 mi/h, how long does it take him or her to run a 26.22 mi marathon?

Predict if John is able to continue running when he has an asthma attack. Givereasons to support your answer

1. Lots of people start running in their 30s or older, and it is one of the few sports in which you can improve with age. One example is the great Jack Foster, a self-styled "ancient marathoner”, who ran for the first time at the age of 32, and by the age of 40 found himself picking up a silver medal at the Christchurch Commonwealth marathon in 1974.Of course, while we all may hold secret hopes of uncovering a latent talent, most of us are unlikely to progress to an elite level. But, whether we like to compete on a weekend or prefer to go on solitary excursions through the countryside, the message is that age is far less of a barrier in running than it is in other sports. With running, even if taken up later in life without any previous experience, it really is realistic to expect improvement with age.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the second paragraph?A. It describes people's hopes to uncover their talents.B. It compares solitary runners to competitive runners.C. It highlights the message that running has no age.D. It emphasizes the importance of running when one is older.

Short bursts of exercise could be just as good at helping prevent heart disease as longer endurance sessions, Britishresearch suggests. Fast but intense sprints could help limit the risks linked to heart disease just as effectively aslonger, 20-minute runs, according to a study on teenagers. About 57 boys and girls were split into three groupsfor the research, published in the American Journal of Human Biology. All children performed three weeklyexercise sessions over a period of seven weeks.The first group worked at moderate intensity (MOD), with 20 minutes of continuous running within a 20-metrearea at 70 per cent maximum oxygen uptake.The second high intensity group (HIT) repeated sprints as fast as they could within a 20-metre area, with 20 to 30seconds recovery in between, while the third group acted as a control. The total time spent exercising was 420minutes for the MOD group and 63 minutes for the HIT group. Those in the MOD group burnt more than fourtimes as many calories but both groups saw improvements in factors that could lead to heart disease. In the HITgroup there were significant improvements in blood pressure, aerobic fitness and body mass index. In the MODgroup, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness, percentage body fat, body mass index and levelsof insulin.26. The findings of this study on exercise are based on:A. exercise routinesB. research involving teenagersC. heart testsD. results from running racesE. none of the above27. According to the findings of the study, short bursts of exercise are as effective as preventing heart diseaseas:A. longer endurance sessionsB. seven weeks of exerciseC. being a teenagerD. running long distancesE. none of the above28. The word ‘intensity’ in this context could be best replaced with the word:A. strength B. ease C. consistency D. speed E. none of the above29. The research was conducted in order to:A. increase fitness levels in male and female teenagers.B. prevent an obesity epidemic, which is caused by inactivity.C. learn about effective exercise routines to prevent heart disease.D. learn about the best type of exercise for teenagers.E. build longer endurance and minimise obesity.30. The above passage would probably be found in:A. a pamphlet B. a science textbook C. a novel D. a brochure E. a newspaper article31. In terms of ‘the HIT group’s exercise, what was not found in terms of their improvements:A. aerobic fitnessB. blood pressureC. body mass indexD. levels of insulinE. none of the above32. Which statement is true according to the text?A. The MOD group repeated sprints as fast as they could.B. Overall, the HIT group was declared to be more successful in the experiment.C. The HIT group spent more time exercising than the MOD group.D. The HIT group burned the most calories.E. The third group did not receive treatment by the researchers and was used as a benchmark

The more grueling and challenging an athletic feat, the more physically taxing the training will be for an athlete. A runner training for a marathon, for example, should build their weekly running distances over the course of four or five months at a comfortable pace rather than attempting longer distances right away. Not doing so could result in serious injury. ------- it is crucially important that proper training time is allotted for before particularly arduous athletic feats are attempted.Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?Subsequently,eliminateIn actuality,eliminateNevertheless,eliminateThus,