You are given two integers n and x. You have to construct an array of positive integers nums of size n where for every 0 <= i < n - 1, nums[i + 1] is greater than nums[i], and the result of the bitwise AND operation between all elements of nums is x.Return the minimum possible value of nums[n - 1]. Example 1:Input: n = 3, x = 4Output: 6Explanation:nums can be [4,5,6] and its last element is 6.Example 2:Input: n = 2, x = 7Output: 15Explanation:nums can be [7,15] and its last element is 15. Constraints:1 <= n, x <= 108

You are given a sorted array of integers. Write a program that implements a binary search algorithm to find the element with the minimum difference from the given target.Note: This question was asked in CTS coding test.Input format :The first line input consists of an integer N, representing the number of array elements.The second line consists of N space-separated integers, representing the sorted array elements.The third line consists of an integer representing the target element.Output format :The output prints an integer representing the element with the minimum difference from the given target.

You are given two integer arrays nums1 and nums2.From nums1 two elements have been removed, and all other elements have been increased (or decreased in the case of negative) by an integer, represented by the variable x.As a result, nums1 becomes equal to nums2. Two arrays are considered equal when they contain the same integers with the same frequencies.Return the minimum possible integer x that achieves this equivalence. Example 1:Input: nums1 = [4,20,16,12,8], nums2 = [14,18,10]Output: -2Explanation:After removing elements at indices [0,4] and adding -2, nums1 becomes [18,14,10].Example 2:Input: nums1 = [3,5,5,3], nums2 = [7,7]Output: 2Explanation:After removing elements at indices [0,3] and adding 2, nums1 becomes [7,7]. Constraints:3 <= nums1.length <= 200nums2.length == nums1.length - 20 <= nums1[i], nums2[i] <= 1000The test cases are generated in a way that there is an integer x such that nums1 can become equal to nums2 by removing two elements and adding x to each element of nums1.

Joey is learning about bitwise operations and is working on a project that involves extracting specific bits from integers. He needs to write a program that takes an integer and the number of bits N as input and outputs the value of the lowest N bits of the integer. Help Joey in his project to understand and visualize how bitwise operations work in practical scenarios.Input format :The first line of input consists of an integer X, representing the given integer.The second line consists of an integer N, representing the number of bits to extract.Output format :The output displays "Result: " followed by an integer representing the value of the lowest N bits of the given integer.Refer to the sample output for formatting specifications.Code constraints :In this scenario, the test cases fall under the following constraints:1 ≤ X ≤ 1061 ≤ N ≤ 20Sample test cases :Input 1 :85 2Output 1 :Result: 1Input 2 :1274Output 2 :Result: 15

You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums having length n, an integer indexDifference, and an integer valueDifference.Your task is to find two indices i and j, both in the range [0, n - 1], that satisfy the following conditions:abs(i - j) >= indexDifference, andabs(nums[i] - nums[j]) >= valueDifferenceReturn an integer array answer, where answer = [i, j] if there are two such indices, and answer = [-1, -1] otherwise. If there are multiple choices for the two indices, return any of them.Note: i and j may be equal. Example 1:Input: nums = [5,1,4,1], indexDifference = 2, valueDifference = 4Output: [0,3]Explanation: In this example, i = 0 and j = 3 can be selected.abs(0 - 3) >= 2 and abs(nums[0] - nums[3]) >= 4.Hence, a valid answer is [0,3].[3,0] is also a valid answer.Example 2:Input: nums = [2,1], indexDifference = 0, valueDifference = 0Output: [0,0]Explanation: In this example, i = 0 and j = 0 can be selected.abs(0 - 0) >= 0 and abs(nums[0] - nums[0]) >= 0.Hence, a valid answer is [0,0].Other valid answers are [0,1], [1,0], and [1,1].Example 3:Input: nums = [1,2,3], indexDifference = 2, valueDifference = 4Output: [-1,-1]Explanation: In this example, it can be shown that it is impossible to find two indices that satisfy both conditions.Hence, [-1,-1] is returned. Constraints:1 <= n == nums.length <= 1050 <= nums[i] <= 1090 <= indexDifference <= 1050 <= valueDifference <= 109

Write a function:class Solution { public int solution(int[] A); }that, given an array A of N integers, returns the smallest positive integer (greater than 0) that does not occur in A.For example, given A = [1, 3, 6, 4, 1, 2], the function should return 5.Given A = [1, 2, 3], the function should return 4.Given A = [−1, −3], the function should return 1.Write an efficient algorithm for the following assumptions:N is an integer within the range [1..100,000];each element of array A is an integer within the range [−1,000,000..1,000,000].