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Assertion (A): The electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero.Reason (R): Charges inside a conductor move to the surface to minimize potential energy.a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.c) A is true, but R is false.d) A is false, but R is true.

Question

Assertion (A): The electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero.Reason (R): Charges inside a conductor move to the surface to minimize potential energy.a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.c) A is true, but R is false.d) A is false, but R is true.

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Solution

a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

The electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is indeed zero. This is because in electrostatic equilibrium, the charges in a conductor rearrange themselves in such a way that the electric field inside the conductor is zero.

The reason for this is that charges inside a conductor move to the surface to minimize potential energy. When an electric field is applied, the free electrons in the conductor move against the direction of the field. This movement continues until they reach the surface of the conductor, where they can move no further. This movement of charges continues until the electric field inside the conductor is zero. At this point, the system is in a state of minimum potential energy, and hence, electrostatic equilibrium is achieved.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

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