A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Medications include insulin, metoprolol, and atorvastatin. Physical examination shows pitting edema of both ankles. Serum creatinine concentration is 4.5 mg/dL. Which of the following sets of serum findings is most likely in this patient?Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Vitamin D Calcium PhosphorusA Decreased increased increased increasedB Increased decreased decreased increasedC Increased decreased increased decreasedD Increased decreased decreased decreasedE Decreased decreased decreased increased

A male patient at 75 years old is worrying about his hypertension and consulted his family doctor. His blood biochemistry results show:Analyte (SERUM)Result Day 1Result Day 3Reference intervalSodium125120135 – 145 mmol/LPotassium2.52.83.5 – 5.5 mmol/LChloride869095 – 110 mmol/LBicarbonate353222 – 32 mmol/LUrea7.07.23.0 – 8.0 mmol/LCreatinine908640 – 90 μmol/L* Urine sodium = 58 (<20 mmol/L in low sodium)In general, which medication may cause a decrease in serum potassium?Group of answer choicesPotassium-sparing diureticBeta-adrenergic blockerBeta-adrenergic agonistDigoxin

A 36-year-old man presents with the following blood biochemistry results:Analyte (SERUM)ResultReference intervalSodium146135 – 145 mmol/LPotassium6.83.5 – 5.5 mmol/LChloride10895 – 110 mmol/LBicarbonate2222 – 32 mmol/LUrea36.63.0 – 8.0 mmol/LCreatinine37740 – 90 μmol/LeGFR50> 90 ml/min/1.73m2Considering the abnormal results, what is the likely diagnosis for this patient?Group of answer choicesHe has acute kidney diseaseHe is on thiazide diureticsHe has metabolic acidosisHe has chronic diarrhea

A 52-year-old man complained to his physician of acute pain at the base of his right big toe. The man, who had been working as a painter for 15 years, was recently diagnosed with essential hypertension and started an antihypertensive therapy one month ago. A lab test showed a plasma uric acid level of 17 mg/dL. Which of the following drugs might have caused the symptoms and signs of this patient?Question 8Answera.Methyldopab.Furosemidec.Minoxidild.Prazosine.Hydrochlorothiazide

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?CreatinineAldosteroneErythropoietinRenin2. A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?Weak pulseOliguriaConstipationExcessive thirst3. While checking lab results, the nurse remembers that the normal leukocyte count is:1.2-2.2 million per cubic millimeter.5000-10,000 per cubic millimeter.1000-2000 per cubic millimeter.4.2-6.2 million per cubic millimeter.4. Of the following groups, who are at highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?Whites over 65 years of ageBlacks over 65 years of ageWhites under 65 years of ageBlacks under 65 years of age5. A patient is admitted to the neurological critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. All four extremities are in rigid extension, the forearms are hyperpronated, and the legs are in plantar extension. How should the nurse chart this condition?Decorticate posturingDystonic posturingDecerebrate posturingBasal ganglion posturing6. Which is the most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid?CortisolProlactinAldosteroneTestosterone7. A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma creatinine (Pcr) concentration are _____ related.inverselydirectlynotindirectly8. Most causes of encephalitis are which of the following?FungalToxoidViralBacterial9. A 16-year-old male fell off the bed of a pickup truck and hit his forehead on the road. He now has resistance to passive movement that varies proportionally with the force applied. He is most likely suffering from:rigidity.paratonia.dystonia.spasticity.10. During the sleep cycle, when does loss of temperature control occur?REM sleepNon-REM sleepLight sleepDelta wave sleep11. A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?ConstipationLaxative abuseHypoglycemiaRespiratory acidosis12. Which of the following nutritional components will the nurse encourage a patient to consume as it is needed for erythropoiesis?Vitamin DVitamin B1ZincVitamin B1213. The ________ sphincter controls the movement of waste from the sigmoid colon into the rectum?oddiinternal analileocecalO’Beirne14. The vermiform appendix is attached to the:ileum.sigmoid colon.duodenum.cecum.15. Fibrinolysis is mediated by:heparin.fibrinogen.plasmin.16. What can trigger ACTH to be released?StressHigh serum levels of cortisolHypotensionHypoglycemia17. The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:IgA.IgE.IgM.IgG.18. When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.vas deferensprostaticmembranouscavernous19. A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?Decreased ECF volumeIntracellular dehydrationIncreased ICF volumeSymptoms subside quickly20. A nurse is teaching about the structure that connects the middle ear with the pharynx. Which structure is the nurse describing?Organ of CortiSemicircular canalAuditory canalEustachian tube

The nurse should monitor for clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemia in which of the following clients? A. A client with osteoporosis taking vitamin D and calcium supplements B. A client who is alcoholic receiving total parenteral nutrition C. A client with chronic renal failure awaiting the first dialysis run D. A client with hypoparathyroidism secondary to thyroid surgery