identify the reactions that generate reducing equivalents that are oxidized in the mitochondrial electron transport chain to yield ATP.
Question
identify the reactions that generate reducing equivalents that are oxidized in the mitochondrial electron transport chain to yield ATP.
Solution
The reactions that generate reducing equivalents that are oxidized in the mitochondrial electron transport chain to yield ATP are:
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Glycolysis: This is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of NADH (the reducing equivalent), and a net gain of two ATP molecules.
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Pyruvate Decarboxylation: Each pyruvate is decarboxylated to form one molecule of CO2 and one molecule of acetyl CoA. This reaction also produces one NADH molecule.
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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Each acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where it is oxidized to CO2. This process generates three molecules of NADH, one FADH2 (another reducing equivalent), and one ATP.
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Beta-Oxidation: This is the process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are used by the electron transport chain.
These reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2) produced in the above reactions are then oxidized in the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As these complexes are reduced and then re-oxidized, they pump protons (H+ ions) across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP, the cell's main source of energy.
Similar Questions
The electron transport chain results in the generation of:A.a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives phosphorylation of ADP.B.a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which reduces NAD+ in a coupled reaction.C.an electron concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives phosphorylation of ADP.D.an electron concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives oxidation of NADH in a coupled reaction.Submit
Cyclic electron transport enhances ATP production because?
The reduction potential is a measure of an oxidized molecule's affinity for electrons in a redox half-reaction. The table shows the standard reduction potential of several cytochromes involved in electron transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane.Redox half-reactionE′° (V)Cytochrome a (Fe3+) + e− → Cytochrome a (Fe2+)0.29Cytochrome a3 (Fe3+) + e− → Cytochrome a3 (Fe2+)0.35Cytochrome b (Fe3+) + e− → Cytochrome b (Fe2+)0.08Cytochrome c (Fe3+) + e− → Cytochrome c (Fe2+)0.25Cytochrome c1 (Fe3+) + e− → Cytochrome c1 (Fe2+)0.22According to the information, which series shows the sequence in which electrons pass through the cytochromes during oxidative phosphorylation?A.Cytochrome a → cytochrome a3 → cytochrome b → cytochrome c1 → cytochrome cB.Cytochrome a3 → cytochrome a → cytochrome c → cytochrome c1 → cytochrome bC.Cytochrome a3 → cytochrome a → cytochrome b → cytochrome c1 → cytochrome cD.Cytochrome b → cytochrome c1 → cytochrome c → cytochrome a → cytochrome a3
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.Group of answer choicespyruvate oxidationchemiosmosiscitric acid cycleglycolysiselectron transport chainNext
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain (ETC}.Group of answer choicesoxidative phosphorylationchemiosmosissubstrate-level phosphorylationcellular respirationphotosynthesisNext
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