1. Which DDBMS database did you select for this presentation? And why did you choose it? (Marks:5) 2. DDBMS Architecture Diagram and the specification of the database you created (Marks:10) 3. Walk over fragmentation, allocation and replication settings for selected DDBMS (Marks:10) 4. Present creating and accessing the created database and show adding and retrieving data (minimum 1 table) (Marks:15) 5. Share challenges & triumphs for working on this DDBMS.

One problem area with the DDBMSs is that of distributed database design. (a) Discuss the issues that have to be addressed with distributed database design.

QUESTION ONE a) James, a DBA working for a software development company was required to design adatabase management system.Required:(i) Outline two principle requirements he would consider when selecting thestorage media for the proposed database system (ii) Explain five benefits the proposed database system will deliver to thecompany (iii) List and explain three challenges James is likely to encounter whileimplementing the proposed database system b) List and explain four DML commands supported by SQL/ MYSQL [4 Marks]c) List and explain three components of a DBMS d) Explain three qualities of a good database system QUESTION TWO a) Explain the following terms as used in database systems:- (i) Database(ii) Data integrity(iii) Candidate key(iv) Relationshipb) Define the term “database normalization” c) Discuss four benefits of database normalization d) With the aid of appropriate illustrations, describe the following database models:-(i) Relational model(ii) Hierarchical mode e) Differentiate between the following database terms:-(i) Logical design & physical design Answer text

DDL: to construct the database and alter its content explain in brief

Database Schema Evolution - Challenges and Best Practices (15 Marks) Objective: Analyze the process of database schema evolution, its challenges, and best practices for implementation. Tasks: • Briefly explain database schema evolution and its necessity. • Identify and describe three major challenges in schema evolution. • Outline five best practices for managing schema evolution effectively. • Apply these concepts to a brief case study of your choice. Requirements: • Word limit: 1000 words • Include at least 8 credible sources • Use APA format for citations and references • Provide in-text citations for all borrowed ideas and information • Include a separate references page at the end of your assignment Evaluation Criteria: • A clear understanding of schema evolution concepts • Depth of analysis in challenges and best practices • Practical application in the case study • Quality and relevance of sources • Proper citation and referencing

Database Management SystemsUNIT-ITwo marks questions:1. What is database? Define DBMS2. What do you mean by defining, constructing, manipulating and sharing adatabase?3. Define data abstraction. Give any two levels of abstraction4. Define query and transaction5. List the phases of database application6. List the characteristics of Database approach7. Give the disadvantages of file processing system.8. Define Metadata. Give an example9. What do you mean by program data independence and program-operationindependence?10.Define Data Model. Give the categories of data model11.Mention the following12.actors on the scene13.workers behind the scene14.What is redundancy? Which problems may arise while storing redundant data?15.List the limitations/disadvantages of DBMS16. Who is a DBA? What are the responsibilities of a DBA?17.Who are database designers? What are their responsibilities?18.What is the responsibility of backup and recovery subsystem?19.What are the advantages of using a DBMS?20.What does the isolation and atomicity property ensure?21.Define Entity, Attribute and relationship22.What is database schema, Schema diagram?23.What do you mean by database state? When do you say the database state is valid?24.Define the terms Internal, external and conceptual schema (any two)25.What do you mean by Logical Data Independence?26.What do you mean by physical data Independence?27.What is the purpose of storage manager?28.List the functions of runtime database processor29.Discuss about Data Definition language?30.Discuss about Data Definition language?31.List the functions of Database System Utilities32.Define a) meta-data b) data dictionary33.List various types of attributes?34.Explain data model and list the types of data model used?35.Define Single-Valued versus Multivalued Attributes, give example36.Define Stored versus Derived Attributes, give example37.Define Composite versus Simple (Atomic) Attributes, give example38.Composite versus Simple (Atomic) Attributes39.Define the terms i) Entity set ii) Relationship set40.Define the terms i) Key attribute ii) Value set(Domain)41.What do you mean by relationship type and relationship instances?42.Define “degree of relationship type”43.What do you mean by role names in the relationship? Give example44.What does the cardinality ratio specify? Which are the possible cardinality ratiosfor binary relationship types45.Define the terms i) Total participation ii) Partial Participation46.Define weak and strong entity types?47.What is partial key? Give example48.Who is Database Administrator?49.Definition of system designer, tool developer, operator & maintenance personnel.50.What is meant by restricting unauthorized access?51.What is deductive database system?52.Why storage definition language (SDL) is used?53.Why interfaces for DBA are used?3 OR MORE MARKS1. What are the characteristics of DBMS? Explain2. Explain the different categories of End Users in DBMS?3. Write a short note on4. DBA ii. Database Designers5. Explain the different categories of workers those are associated with the design,development and operation of the DBMS6. Explain any four advantages of DBMS7. Explain the different categories of data models8. Explain three schema architecture of database with a neat diagram9. What is data Independence? Explain their types10.What are the different database languages? Explain with example