Which of the following is true for a system containing three components?a. If the system contains two phases at equilibrium, it is possible to change only oneintensive variable without changing the number of components.b. It is impossible to find 5 phases coexisting simultaneously at equilibrium.c. If the system is found to contain 3 coexisting phases at equilibrium, changing bothtemperature and pressure will necessarily change the number of phases.d. If the system contains 4 phases coexisting at equilibrium, changing both temperatureand pressure will necessarily change the number of phases
Question
Which of the following is true for a system containing three components?a. If the system contains two phases at equilibrium, it is possible to change only oneintensive variable without changing the number of components.b. It is impossible to find 5 phases coexisting simultaneously at equilibrium.c. If the system is found to contain 3 coexisting phases at equilibrium, changing bothtemperature and pressure will necessarily change the number of phases.d. If the system contains 4 phases coexisting at equilibrium, changing both temperatureand pressure will necessarily change the number of phases
Solution
The correct answer is a. If the system contains two phases at equilibrium, it is possible to change only one intensive variable without changing the number of components.
This is based on the phase rule, which is a principle in thermodynamics that gives the number of degrees of freedom in a system at equilibrium. The phase rule, formulated by Josiah Willard Gibbs, is expressed as F = C - P + 2, where F is the number of degrees of freedom, C is the number of components, and P is the number of phases.
In a system with three components and two phases at equilibrium (C=3, P=2), there are three degrees of freedom (F=3). This means that three variables can be
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