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A binary solution is found coexisting with a vapor phase at equilibrium. Which of thefollowing is true?a. The fugacity of the two components in the vapor are equal.b. The fugacity of the two components in the solution are equal.c. The fugacity of one of the components has the same value in the vapor and in thesolution.d. All of the above.

Question

A binary solution is found coexisting with a vapor phase at equilibrium. Which of thefollowing is true?a. The fugacity of the two components in the vapor are equal.b. The fugacity of the two components in the solution are equal.c. The fugacity of one of the components has the same value in the vapor and in thesolution.d. All of the above.

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Solution

The correct answer is c. The fugacity of one of the components has the same value in the vapor and in the solution.

Here's why:

a. The fugacity of the two components in the vapor are equal - This is not necessarily true. Fugacity, which is a measure of the 'escaping tendency' of a substance from a phase, can vary between different components in the vapor phase depending on their individual properties.

b. The fugacity of the two components in the solution are equal - This is also not necessarily true for the same reasons as above. Different components in a solution can have different fugacities.

c. The fugacity of one of the components has the same value in the vapor and in the solution - This is true at equilibrium. According to the phase rule, at equilibrium, the fugacity of a component in all phases is the same. This means that the fugacity of a component in the vapor phase is equal to its fugacity in the solution phase.

d. All of the above - Since a and b are not necessarily true, this option is also not correct.

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