A good candidate for bioderived polymers to enter the market is developed to replace the today used PET. Which polymer is this (full name)? Using this polymer as example, explain which hurdles green plastics face in order to become commercially relevant.

Comparing fossil feedstocks with biofeedstocks, and non-degradable with biodegradable polymers, discuss critically what the term "bioplastic" means and what is required in order to increase the sustainability of plastic use in the future.(max 200 words)

What is one type of synthetic polymer that is used on a daily basis?plastichempcellulose

Polymers are key materials that can be used to mitigate societal challenges in the areas of transportation, construction, consumer plastics (e.g. packaging, shopping bags, and cutlery), architectural and industrial coatings, sustainable energy generation, clean water and defense and security. The continuously increasing demand for polymers driven by global population growth, and concerns associated with environmental pollution from solid polymers (e.g. consumer plastics), and the threat of global warming related to the production of polymer feedstock necessitates the development of sustainable and innovative strategies for the polymer industry [1], [2]. The use of biomass such as plant fibers, biopolymers produced from natural resources or microorganisms is being explored in numerous applications and across industries [3], [4], [5]. While there are some successes in some niche application markets, renewable polymers currently produced on a large scale often are costly and have inferior performance compared to their petroleum-derived counterparts. Among the natural materials, starch is one of the least expensive polysaccharides with a huge potential for solid plastic and other functional polymer applications. Starch, the focus of this work, is a polysaccharide synthesized by plants and found mainly in cereals, roots tubers, fruits and legumes in the range of 25–90% [6], [7]. It is a semi-crystalline polymer comprised of about 1,000–2,000,000 anhydroglucose units (AGU) linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds [8]. The AGU units in the starch chain have three reactive hydroxyl groups, in most cases one primary and two secondary hydroxyl groups making it amenable to various modification chemistries. Several review articles and books have been published on the physical properties, chemical structures, characteristics, and modification of starch [9], [10], [11]. Thus, this review will selectively focus on the recent progress in the application of starch as a feedstock for advanced and functional material applications. A starch granule is synthesized via the polymerization of glucose that is produced via photosynthesis of carbon dioxide in plants. It is mainly used as food and finds use in a variety of industrial applications [12]. The major industrial use of starch besides food is as a composition in adhesives and paper binders, textiles, chemical production, a feedstock for fermentation and other industrial products [13]. The interest in starch for use in advanced materials applications is accrued from its widespread geographic distribution from various plants, low cost and abundance. Starch as a macromolecule is also appealing because of its physical, chemical and functional properties such as ease of water dissolution, water retention properties, gelatinization, pasting behavior when subjected to elevated temperatures and ease of modification to optimize functional properties [14]. ترجمه کن

P _ _ _ _ _ _ for plastic is organic compounds added to a polymer base to give a specific color to plastics.

What is the key factor determining whether a polymer is biodegradable?Group of answer choicesThey can be broken down into smaller pieces by microbes within an observable time frameThe polymer chain can be completely broken down into CO2 and waterThe plastic must be composed of 100% organic materialThe polymer must disintegrate so that it is no longer observable by the human eye