Which of the following are potential outcomes following complement activation?SELECT ALL THAT APPLYGeneration of antimicrobial peptidesApoptosis of virus-infected cellsInduction of a memory response by B and T cellsOpsonization of pathogens for phagocytosisCytolysis of pathogens through formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)Induction of an inflammatory response
Question
Which of the following are potential outcomes following complement activation?SELECT ALL THAT APPLYGeneration of antimicrobial peptidesApoptosis of virus-infected cellsInduction of a memory response by B and T cellsOpsonization of pathogens for phagocytosisCytolysis of pathogens through formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)Induction of an inflammatory response
Solution
The potential outcomes following complement activation include:
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Opsonization of pathogens for phagocytosis: The complement system tags pathogens for destruction by phagocytes, a process known as opsonization.
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Cytolysis of pathogens through formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC): The complement system can directly kill pathogens by forming a pore-like structure (MAC) in the pathogen's cell membrane, leading to cytolysis.
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Induction of an inflammatory response: The complement system can trigger an inflammatory response, which helps to recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promotes healing.
The other options are not typically outcomes of complement activation:
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Generation of antimicrobial peptides: While these are an important part of the immune response, they are not typically produced as a result of complement activation.
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Apoptosis of virus-infected cells: This is usually mediated by cytotoxic T cells, not the complement system.
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Induction of a memory response by B and T cells: This is a feature of the adaptive immune response, not the complement system, which is part of the innate immune response.
Similar Questions
Select all that applyWhat can activate complement?Multiple select question.Pathogen surface moleculesMBL proteinPhagocytosis
Which of the following is NOT an effect of complement activation?Group of answer choicesBacterial cell lysisInterference with viral replicationOpsonizationIncreased phagocytic activityIncreased blood vessel permeability
What functions can complement proteins perform?Group of answer choicesprovide immunity in response to immunizationstore "memories" of specific antigens for months or yearsbind Fc receptorscoat invading microbesattract phagocytes to the site of infectioninsert themselves into the foreign cell's plasma membraneamplify the inflammatory response
Which of the following are primary goals of inflammation?SELECT ALL THAT APPLYTo activate memory T and B cellsTo deliver oxygen, nutrients, and chemical factors essential for tissue recoveryTo limit the spread of infectious agentsTo stimulate production of regulators of complement activation (RCAs)To allow for the complement cascade to become activatedTo recruit immune defenses to the injured tissue
Choose the INCORRECT statement from the options below.Opsonization of pathogens is one of the consequences of complement activation.The classical pathway is initiated by the activation of C5 to form C5a and C5b.MB-lectin proteins bind to mannose-containing carbohydrates on pathogen surface.C3a and C5a are peptide mediators of inflammation.
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