Which of the following example(s) is a layering technique?Group of answer choicesBusiness Recycling: mixing of illegal money with cash flow from a legal cash-intensive business e.g. restaurant with high cash turnoverCredit & Debit cards: local purchases are financed through credit cards which operate on a bank account in an offshore jurisdictionNone of the available answersConsultants: funds transferred to offshore-based consultant (e.g. a lawyer’s trust account) to pay fictitious or inflated consultancy fee; consultant makes payments on behalf of ‘criminal client’
Question
Which of the following example(s) is a layering technique?Group of answer choicesBusiness Recycling: mixing of illegal money with cash flow from a legal cash-intensive business e.g. restaurant with high cash turnoverCredit & Debit cards: local purchases are financed through credit cards which operate on a bank account in an offshore jurisdictionNone of the available answersConsultants: funds transferred to offshore-based consultant (e.g. a lawyer’s trust account) to pay fictitious or inflated consultancy fee; consultant makes payments on behalf of ‘criminal client’
Solution
Let's analyze each statement:
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Business Recycling: mixing of illegal money with cash flow from a legal cash-intensive business e.g. restaurant with high cash turnover: This is TRUE. Mixing illegal money with the cash flow from a legitimate business is a common layering technique used to obscure the source of the funds.
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Credit & Debit cards: local purchases are financed through credit cards which operate on a bank account in an offshore jurisdiction: This is TRUE. Using credit or debit cards linked to offshore accounts to make purchases is another layering technique. The purchases can then be sold, and the proceeds appear to come from a legitimate source.
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Consultants: funds transferred to offshore-based consultant (e.g. a lawyer’s trust account) to pay fictitious or inflated consultancy fee; consultant makes payments on behalf of ‘criminal client’: This is TRUE. Transferring funds to a consultant, especially one based in an offshore jurisdiction, to pay for fictitious or inflated services is another common layering technique.
Given that all these statements are true, the correct answer is "All of the available answers".
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