A 35 year old woman suffers chest trauma. She has reported being unconscious and a large decrease in blood pressure. There is a tear in the pulmonary vein at the point where the vein enters the heart. In which space does hemorrhage occur? Epicardium and parietal pericardium Myocardium and parietal pleura Myocardium and Epicardium Parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium
Question
A 35 year old woman suffers chest trauma. She has reported being unconscious and a large decrease in blood pressure. There is a tear in the pulmonary vein at the point where the vein enters the heart. In which space does hemorrhage occur? Epicardium and parietal pericardium Myocardium and parietal pleura Myocardium and Epicardium Parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium
Solution
The correct answer is "Epicardium and parietal pericardium".
Here's the step-by-step explanation:
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The heart is surrounded by a double-layered sac called the pericardium. The inner layer of the pericardium that is in direct contact with the heart is the epicardium.
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The pulmonary veins enter the heart at the left atrium, which is covered by the epicardium.
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If there is a tear in the pulmonary vein at the point where it enters the heart, the blood from the tear would first come into contact with the epicardium.
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The space between the epicardium (visceral pericardium) and the parietal pericardium is called the pericardial cavity. This cavity is filled with a small amount of fluid that reduces friction between the two layers as the heart beats.
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In the case of a tear in the pulmonary vein, blood would fill this pericardial cavity, causing a condition known as pericardial effusion. If the amount of blood is large, it can lead to cardiac tamponade, a serious condition where the blood pressure drops and the heart is unable to pump effectively.
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Therefore, the hemorrhage would occur in the space between the epicardium and the parietal pericardium.
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