When a female that is heterozygous for a gene is crossed with a male that is heterozygous for a gene, what proportion of their offspring are predicted to be heterozygous for the same gene? (Hint: Create a Punnett square.)
Question
When a female that is heterozygous for a gene is crossed with a male that is heterozygous for a gene, what proportion of their offspring are predicted to be heterozygous for the same gene? (Hint: Create a Punnett square.)
Solution
To answer this question, we will use a Punnett square, which is a simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes that can occur in children, given the parents' genotypes.
Step 1: Identify the genotypes of the parents. In this case, both parents are heterozygous for a gene. This means they both have one dominant allele and one recessive allele. We'll denote the dominant allele as "A" and the recessive allele as "a". So, both parents have the genotype "Aa".
Step 2: Set up a Punnett square. This is a 2x2 grid, where one parent's alleles are written along the top and the other parent's alleles are written along the side.
Step 3: Fill in the Punnett square. Each box within the square is filled by combining the allele from the top with the allele from the side.
Here's what the Punnett square looks like:
A a
-----------------
A | AA | Aa | ----------------- a | Aa | aa | -----------------
Step 4: Determine the proportion of offspring that are heterozygous. In the Punnett square, the heterozygous genotype (Aa) appears in two of the four boxes. Therefore, we predict that 2/4, or 50%, of the offspring will be heterozygous for the gene.
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