1. Physical Barriers: The first line of defense in the innate immune system is the physical barriers of the body. This includes the skin and mucous membranes, which act as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens, including viruses. The skin is a tough, impermeable barrier that is difficult for most pathogens to penetrate. Mucous membranes, on the other hand, secrete mucus that can trap pathogens. In addition, these membranes are often lined with cilia, tiny hair-like structures that can move in coordinated waves to push the mucus and trapped pathogens out of the body.

2. Inflammatory Response: If a pathogen, such as a virus, manages to penetrate the body's physical barriers, the innate immune system responds with inflammation. This is a process where blood vessels dilate and become more permeable, allowing more immune cells to reach the site of infection. These immune cells, which include phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, can engulf and destroy the invading pathogens. In addition, the inflammatory response also involves the release of substances like cytokines, which can inhibit viral replication and recruit more immune cells to the site of infection.

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1. Physical Barriers: The first line of defense in the innate immune system is the physical barriers of the body. This includes the skin and mucous membranes, which act as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens, including viruses. The skin is a tough, impermeable barrier that is difficult for most pathogens to penetrate. Mucous membranes, on the other hand, secrete mucus that can trap pathogens. In addition, these membranes are often lined with cilia, tiny hair-like structures that can move in coordinated waves to push the mucus and trapped pathogens out of the body.

2. Inflammatory Response: If a pathogen, such as a virus, manages to penetrate the body's physical barriers, the innate immune system responds with inflammation. This is a process where blood vessels dilate and become more permeable, allowing more immune cells to reach the site of infection. These immune cells, which include phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, can engulf and destroy the invading pathogens. In addition, the inflammatory response also involves the release of substances like cytokines, which can inhibit viral replication and recruit more immune cells to the site of infection.

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1. Physical Barriers: The first line of defense in the innate immune system is the physical barriers of the body. This includes the skin and mucous membranes, which act as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens, including viruses. The skin is a tough, impermeable barrier that is difficult for most pathogens to penetrate. Mucous membranes, on the other hand, secrete mucus that can trap pathogens. In addition, these membranes are often lined with cilia, tiny hair-like structures that can move in coordinated waves to push the mucus and trapped pathogens out of the body.

2. Inflammatory Response: If a pathogen, such as a virus, manages to penetrate the body's physical barriers, the innate immune system responds with inflammation. This is a process where blood vessels dilate and become more permeable, allowing more immune cells to reach the site of infection. These immune cells, which include phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, can engulf and destroy the invading pathogens. In addition, the inflammatory response also involves the release of substances like cytokines, which can inhibit viral replication and recruit more immune cells to the site of infection.

Describe two ways in which the innate immune system of a person’s body would protect against an infection by this virus.

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