A boat moves with a velocity of 17.3 m/s, N in a river which flows with a velocity of 7.33 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north.
Question
A boat moves with a velocity of 17.3 m/s, N in a river which flows with a velocity of 7.33 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north.
Solution
To calculate the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north, we need to use vector addition and Pythagoras' theorem.
Step 1: Identify the vectors The boat's velocity is 17.3 m/s, N and the river's velocity is 7.33 m/s, W.
Step 2: Break down the vectors into components The boat's velocity has only a northward component, so its components are (0, 17.3). The river's velocity has only a westward component, so its components are (-7.33, 0).
Step 3: Add the vectors Add the corresponding components of the vectors to get the resultant vector: (0-7.33, 17.3+0) = (-7.33, 17.3).
Step 4: Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector Use Pythagoras' theorem to calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector: sqrt((-7.33)^2 + 17.3^2) = 18.6 m/s.
Step 5: Calculate the direction of the resultant vector Use the arctan function to calculate the direction of the resultant vector: arctan(17.3/-7.33) = -67.3 degrees. Since we're measuring the angle with respect to due north (which we can consider as the positive y-axis), we need to add 90 degrees to this angle to get the direction from due north: -67.3 + 90 = 22.7 degrees west of north.
So, the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north is 18.6 m/s, 22.7 degrees west of north.
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