Julia’s flight has just landed from London. She is now experiencing excruciating pain is her right leg and notices that it is red and considerably swollen. She is told she has developed deep vein thrombosis on the long flight back to Australia. By reflecting on the BIOL122 learning material and your understanding of the Starling forces responsible for the distribution of water between the capillary and surrounding tissues, briefly describe how Julia’s deep vein thrombosis caused oedema in her right leg. (3 marks)

Choose the single CORRECT answer or statement. A 55-year-old woman has had discomfort and swelling of her left leg for the past week following a long international air flight. Investigation reveals thrombosis of deep veins in her left leg. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to have contributed to her condition?Group of answer choicesImmobilisationHypertensionTurbulent blood flowEmbolism

Annalise is in her first trimester of pregnancy, and she has been experiencing severe morning sickness that resulted in hypoproteinaemia and systemic oedema. By reflecting on the BIOL122 learning material and your understanding of the forces responsible for the distribution of water between the intravascular and interstitial compartments, briefly describe how hypoproteinaemia causes systemic oedema. (3 marks)

A 40-year-old woman presented with large bulging veins in both thighs and lower legs. Her primary concern was the unsightly aesthetic appearance of the varicose veins but on further questioning, she revealed that she was experiencing heaviness, tiredness and throbbing in the lower legs. She worked as a medical assistant, which involved constant standing for hours, at daily basis. By the end of the day, her legs were extremely fatigued, and it would take several hours of leg elevation to make them feel better. There was no past medical history of deep venous thrombosis. Duplex Ultrasound examination revealed a varicose great saphenous vein bilaterally running from the groin to the mid-distal thigh. Examination of the deep veins of both lower limbs showed no evidence of occlusion in the external iliac, common femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibialis, and peroneal. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to explain the patient's findings?    Group of answer choicesFailure of arteriovenous anastomosesFailure of venous valves in the deep veinsPredominance of smooth muscle cells of a synthetic phenotype in venous wallsMutation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 geneDysfunctional endothelium producing increased levels of vasodilatory mediators

A 59-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of severely painful skin lesions in the abdomen and thighs. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and end-stage renal disease. She has an arteriovenous fistula and undergoes hemodialysis 3 times weekly. She denies any recent medication changes or any illicit drug abuse, and denies ever taking warfarin. She is afebrile with a blood pressure of 162/96 mmHg and a heart rate of 96 beats per minute. On physical examination, there are areas of livedo reticularis over the abdomen with subcutaneous nodules and several necrotic ulcerations with eschar on both thighs. Her distal pulses are 2+ in all four extremities.   A review of her laboratory records over the past few months shows an uptrending calcium-phosphate product. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?     Ask StudybuddyGroup of answer choicesNecrotizing fasciitisDeep venous thrombosisCalcific uremic arteriolopathyHenoch–Schönlein purpuraNephrogenic systemic fibrosis

3. An abnormal swelling of a superficial vein of the legs is called a varicose vein (Figure 3). What do you think causes this condition, and why aren’t there varicose arteries?