CRITICIZE Descriptive epidemiology The team analyzed the data descriptively, applying the classical epidemiological traits of person, place and time to gain insights on the reported cases. One of the most interesting findings was that the majority (81.2%) of the cases were young adult males, were related and were in close contact with animals (38% pastoral). Another interesting finding was that most of the cases were initially treated with antimalarial medications, including the recommended treatmentlines that are based on a positive immuno chromatographic (ICT) test for Falciparum Malaria. Family history ofthe disease was confirmed because two families had reported the deaths of immediate family members during the investigation period and the illness had manifested identically in both, with fever and bleeding (hematemesis). Bleeding presented in 80% of cases, while jaundice presented in 19% of cases.
Question
CRITICIZE Descriptive epidemiology The team analyzed the data descriptively, applying the classical epidemiological traits of person, place and time to gain insights on the reported cases. One of the most interesting findings was that the majority (81.2%) of the cases were young adult males, were related and were in close contact with animals (38% pastoral). Another interesting finding was that most of the cases were initially treated with antimalarial medications, including the recommended treatmentlines that are based on a positive immuno chromatographic (ICT) test for Falciparum Malaria. Family history ofthe disease was confirmed because two families had reported the deaths of immediate family members during the investigation period and the illness had manifested identically in both, with fever and bleeding (hematemesis). Bleeding presented in 80% of cases, while jaundice presented in 19% of cases.
Solution
While the study provides valuable insights into the epidemiological traits of the disease, there are several areas that could be criticized.
Firstly, the study seems to rely heavily on descriptive statistics, which, while useful for providing a general overview of the data, do not allow for the identification of causal relationships. This means that while the study can tell us that a large proportion of cases were young adult males who were in close contact with animals, it cannot tell us why this is the case.
Secondly, the study does not appear to control for confounding variables. For example, it is mentioned that most of the cases were initially treated with anti-malarial medications, but it is not clear whether this is because these individuals were more likely to contract the disease, or whether it is simply a reflection of the fact that these medications are commonly used in the area where the study was conducted.
Thirdly, the study seems to rely on self-reported data, such as family history of the disease and contact with animals. This type of data is often unreliable, as it can be influenced by recall bias and other forms of reporting bias.
Finally, the study does not provide any information on the sample size or the methods used to collect the data, making it difficult to assess the reliability and validity of the findings.
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