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1. Unlike an earthworm’s metanephridia, a mammalian nephron(A) is intimately associated with a capillary network.(B) functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.(C) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.(D) has a transport epithelium.2. Which process in the nephron is least selective?(A) filtration(B) reabsorption(C) active transport(D) secretion3. Which of the following animals generally has the lowestvolume of urine production?(A) vampire bat(B) salmon in fresh water(C) marine bony fish(D) freshwater flatwormLevels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing4. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained bywhich of the following?(A) active transport of salt from the upper region of thedescending limb.(B) the loose packing of juxtamedullary nephrons.(C) diffusion of urea into the collecting duct.(D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop ofHenle.5. In which of the following species should natural selection favorthe highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons?(A) a river otter(B) a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest(C) a mouse species living in a desert(D) a beaver6. African lungfish, which are often found in small, stagnantpools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. Whatis an advantage of this adaptation?(A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.(B) Small, stagnant pools do not provide enough water to diluteammonia, which is toxic.(C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.(D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.999

Question

  1. Unlike an earthworm’s metanephridia, a mammalian nephron(A) is intimately associated with a capillary network.(B) functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.(C) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.(D) has a transport epithelium.2. Which process in the nephron is least selective?(A) filtration(B) reabsorption(C) active transport(D) secretion3. Which of the following animals generally has the lowestvolume of urine production?(A) vampire bat(B) salmon in fresh water(C) marine bony fish(D) freshwater flatwormLevels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing4. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained bywhich of the following?(A) active transport of salt from the upper region of thedescending limb.(B) the loose packing of juxtamedullary nephrons.(C) diffusion of urea into the collecting duct.(D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop ofHenle.5. In which of the following species should natural selection favorthe highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons?(A) a river otter(B) a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest(C) a mouse species living in a desert(D) a beaver6. African lungfish, which are often found in small, stagnantpools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. Whatis an advantage of this adaptation?(A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.(B) Small, stagnant pools do not provide enough water to diluteammonia, which is toxic.(C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.(D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.999
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Solution

  1. The correct answer is (C) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid. Unlike an earthworm’s metanephridia, a mammalian nephron receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.

  2. The least selective process in the nephron is (A) filtration. Filtration is a non-selective process that occurs in the glomerulus of the nephron.

  3. The animal that generally has the lowest volume of urine production is (C) marine bony fish. Marine bony fish excrete small amounts of concentrated urine.

  4. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by (C) diffusion of urea into the collecting duct. This process helps to concentrate the urine and conserve water.

  5. Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in (C) a mouse species living in a desert. These nephrons are adapted for maximum water reabsorption, which is crucial for survival in arid environments.

  6. An advantage of African lungfish producing urea as a nitrogenous waste is (B) Small, stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute ammonia, which is toxic. This adaptation allows the lungfish to survive in environments with limited water availability.

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The first step in urine formation by nephrons is filtration.

Which of the following is least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle) of a healthy adult nephron?

Which part of the nephron is involved in filtration? peritubular capillary glomerular capsule loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is:Question 38Select one:a.blood colloid osmotic pressureb.glomerular hydrostatic pressurec.osmotic pressure of the urined.capsular hydrostatic pressuree.reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood

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