The first step in urine formation by nephrons is filtration.
Question
The first step in urine formation by nephrons is filtration.
Solution
The first step in urine formation by nephrons is indeed filtration. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:
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Filtration: This is the first step in urine formation. It occurs in the glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels located at the beginning of the nephron. Blood pressure forces water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea into the glomerular capsule, also known as Bowman's capsule.
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Reabsorption: The filtered fluid then passes into the proximal tubule, where most of the water, glucose, potassium, and amino acids are reabsorbed back into the blood. This process continues in the loop of Henle, which reabsorbs more water and sodium chloride.
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Secretion: In the distal tubule and collecting duct, the kidneys secrete substances that weren't initially filtered into the urine, such as hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and certain drugs. This helps to maintain the body's pH balance.
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Excretion: The final urine, containing waste products like urea, uric acid, and creatinine, is excreted from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters, and then out of the body through the urethra.
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1. Unlike an earthworm’s metanephridia, a mammalian nephron(A) is intimately associated with a capillary network.(B) functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.(C) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.(D) has a transport epithelium.2. Which process in the nephron is least selective?(A) filtration(B) reabsorption(C) active transport(D) secretion3. Which of the following animals generally has the lowestvolume of urine production?(A) vampire bat(B) salmon in fresh water(C) marine bony fish(D) freshwater flatwormLevels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing4. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained bywhich of the following?(A) active transport of salt from the upper region of thedescending limb.(B) the loose packing of juxtamedullary nephrons.(C) diffusion of urea into the collecting duct.(D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop ofHenle.5. In which of the following species should natural selection favorthe highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons?(A) a river otter(B) a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest(C) a mouse species living in a desert(D) a beaver6. African lungfish, which are often found in small, stagnantpools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. Whatis an advantage of this adaptation?(A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.(B) Small, stagnant pools do not provide enough water to diluteammonia, which is toxic.(C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.(D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.999
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