Which of the following management styles emphasizes a moderate amount of specialization, allowing a worker to learn all aspects of an organization?Multiple ChoiceTheory ZTheory XTheory Yexpectancy theory

The management style that emphasizes a moderate amount of specialization, allowing a worker to learn all aspects of an organization, is Theory Z.

Here’s a step-by-step explanation:

1. Theory X: This management style is based on the assumption that employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can. It emphasizes strict supervision, external rewards, and penalties.

2. Theory Y: This management style assumes that employees are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and will seek out and accept responsibility. It focuses on creating a more participative and trust-based environment.

3. Expectancy Theory: This is not a management style but a motivational theory that suggests that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on the expected outcome. It involves the relationship between effort, performance, and the desirability of the rewards.

4. Theory Z: This management style, developed by William Ouchi, combines elements of both American and Japanese management practices. It emphasizes long-term employment, collective decision-making, individual responsibility, and a holistic concern for employees. It allows for a moderate amount of specialization, enabling workers to learn various aspects of the organization, which fosters a deeper understanding and commitment to the company.

Therefore, the correct answer is Theory Z.