Responding to substance like sugar pill as if it was a drug is called A. a placebo effect B. variability C. an extraneous factor D. psychosomatic illness

A state of decreased sensitivy to a drug as a result of previous exposure to the drug is calledGroup of answer choicestolerancesensitizationwithdrawaldependence

To study the efficacy of a specific treatment for a particular psychiatric disorder, researchers will often employ a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. A double-blind study means that neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants are receiving the placebo, and which participants are receiving the treatment. These studies are designed to compare the results of the introduced treatment with that of a placebo on two groups of randomly selected patients.In the field of psychiatric drug development – also known as psychopharmacological drug development – placebo studies pose a significant problem in that they often result in negative findings. These are trials in which researchers have failed to demonstrate the superiority of the treatment over the placebo condition, and therefore pose a range of issues surrounding the validity of clinical drug development trials. The larger the placebo response, the more difficult it is to prove that an experimental treatment is effective.Describe what is meant by the term ‘placebo problem’ and explain how this can be problematic for psychopharmacological drug developers.

_____ is an addictive drug that alters brain function and has substantial effects on the body and a person’s thinking and behavior.

In a study on the effect of alcohol consumption, some participants drunk a non-alcoholic beverage that actually smelt and tasted like alcohol. This non-alcoholic drink was a__________ A. treatment condition B. placebo C. independent variable D. extraneous variable

____________ can lead to physical or psychological addiction of drugs when the brain's chemistry changes to offset the build of tolerance.Group of answer choicesNeuroadaptationPsychoactive drugsDissociationAlcohol