How does cholera toxin primarily cause its characteristic symptoms of profuse watery diarrhoea? a) By increasing the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen b) By directly damaging the intestinal lining c) By inhibiting the adenylate cyclase and cAMP in the intestinal lumen. d) By decreasing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the intestinal lining.11:07 AM
Question
How does cholera toxin primarily cause its characteristic symptoms of profuse watery diarrhoea? a) By increasing the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen b) By directly damaging the intestinal lining c) By inhibiting the adenylate cyclase and cAMP in the intestinal lumen. d) By decreasing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the intestinal lining.11:07 AM
Solution
The primary cause of the characteristic symptoms of profuse watery diarrhoea in cholera is (a) By increasing the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
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The cholera toxin is produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Once ingested, the bacteria attach to the intestinal walls and start producing the toxin.
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The toxin then binds to the cells lining the intestine, specifically targeting a protein on the cell surface called GM1 ganglioside.
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Once bound, the toxin is taken up by the cell where it interferes with the normal functioning of the cell.
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The toxin activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which leads to an increase in the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) inside the cell.
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The increased levels of cAMP lead to the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen.
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This increased secretion results in the profuse watery diarrhoea characteristic of cholera.
So, the correct answer is (a) By increasing the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen.
Similar Questions
Identify factors within the chain that would promote cholera in this case.
15. Vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea because it*1 pointA. increases HCO3– secretory channels in intestinal epithelial cellsB. increases Cl– secretory channels in crypt cellsC. prevents the absorption of glucose and causes water to be retained in the intestinal lumen isosmoticallyD. inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in intestinal epithelial cellsE. inhibits inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) production in intestinal epithelial cells
briefly explain on transmission of cholera
Match the health effect with the correct drinking water hazard.Group of answer choicesCan cause severe acute watery diarrhea between 12 hours and 5 days after ingesting contaminated food or water. 1 in 10 people who get sick develop severe symptoms such as watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Loss of body fluids can lead to dehydration and shock.Spreads through contaminated food and water. Antibiotic resistance makes it easier to spread through overcrowded populations. Can cause high fever, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, and constipation or diarrhea.Immediate symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, followed by numbness and tingling of the extremities, muscle cramping, and death. Long-term exposure can lead to skin lesions and skin cancer.Symptoms can include decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, headaches, abdominal cramps, ad vomiting. Children can develop “blue baby syndrome”.
What is the main cause of cholera?
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