class 8 Understanding Secularism

What is Secularism?

In contemporary scholarship, what are the two broad streams of ideas concerning secularization

What is meant by secular

Which of the following cases defined secularism?a.Waman Rao v Union of Indiab.Unni Krishnan v State of Andhra Pradeshc.SR Bommai v Union of Indiad.IR Coelho v State of Tamil Nadu

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.In many cases, secularism becomes conflated with secularization, a waning in religiosity that is a result of modernization. Such secularisms then become viewed as derivative of a Western genealogy that locates secularism’s origins in the Catholic/ Protestant split (thereby neglecting Orthodox Christianity) and “closely connected with the rise of a system of capitalist nation-states” as well as modernity. This tendency in secularism studies explains, in part, the scholarly neglect of the particular histories and experiences of secularism in socialist states, including those of Southeastern Europe.1)  Secularism is often mistaken for the waning of secularization and is thus viewed through a Western lens, neglecting the unique secular histories of socialist states, especially in Southeastern Europe.2)  The merging of secularism with the decrease in religiosity leads to its association with Western history and modernization, overlooking the experiences of secularism in socialist countries.3)  The study of secularism dominates socialist states, as it is typically viewed as a Western concept rooted in the Catholic/Protestant split and linked to capitalism and modernity.4)  Secularism, commonly confused with secularisation, is often interpreted through a Western framework, thus ignoring the unique histories of Southeastern European states.