Homeostatic regulation of receptor levels often forms the basis of addiction. In Ralph's case the increased release of dopamine caused a progressive Multiple Choicedecrease in dopamine receptor numbers in dopaminergic postsynaptic membranes.increase in the levels of dopamine neurotransmitter release.increase in dopamine receptors in dopaminergic postsynaptic membranes.

Select the correct statement(s).Group of answer choicesDopamine is involved in the pathogenesis of addiction and dependence.Apart from its enzymatic degradation, acetylcholine may also be taken up by the presynaptic terminal and get recycled.The effect of acetylcholine is terminated by the activity of the enzyme called acetylcholinesterase.Decreased functional availability of acetylcholine, serotonin, and glutamate has all been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression.

The reinforcing effects of nicotine Group of answer choicesdepends on the dopamine pathway to the nucleus accumbens.is equal to amphetamine or cocaine in intensity.depends on the α4 subunit of the nicotinic receptor.involves the β2, α4, and α6 subunits of the nicotinic receptor.Both A and D

ccording to the brain disease model of addiction, addiction is caused by:Group of answer choicesA lack of willpowerA moral failingChanges in the brain's structure and functionEnvironmental factors

____________ can lead to physical or psychological addiction of drugs when the brain's chemistry changes to offset the build of tolerance.Group of answer choicesNeuroadaptationPsychoactive drugsDissociationAlcohol

Which neurotransmitter plays a role in the reward circuit?Multiple Choicedopamineacetylcholinesubstance PGABA