Select the correct statement(s).Group of answer choicesDopamine is involved in the pathogenesis of addiction and dependence.Apart from its enzymatic degradation, acetylcholine may also be taken up by the presynaptic terminal and get recycled.The effect of acetylcholine is terminated by the activity of the enzyme called acetylcholinesterase.Decreased functional availability of acetylcholine, serotonin, and glutamate has all been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression.
Question
Select the correct statement(s).Group of answer choicesDopamine is involved in the pathogenesis of addiction and dependence.Apart from its enzymatic degradation, acetylcholine may also be taken up by the presynaptic terminal and get recycled.The effect of acetylcholine is terminated by the activity of the enzyme called acetylcholinesterase.Decreased functional availability of acetylcholine, serotonin, and glutamate has all been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression.
Solution
The correct statements are:
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"Dopamine is involved in the pathogenesis of addiction and dependence." This is true as dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. Most types of rewards increase the level of dopamine in the brain, and a variety of addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity.
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"The effect of acetylcholine is terminated by the activity of the enzyme called acetylcholinesterase." This is also true. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, into choline and acetate, effectively terminating its action at the synapse.
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"Decreased functional availability of acetylcholine, serotonin, and glutamate has all been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression." This is true as well. Many studies have suggested that decreased levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and glutamate, are associated with the symptoms of depression.
The statement "Apart from its enzymatic degradation, acetylcholine may also be taken up by the presynaptic terminal and get recycled." is not correct. Acetylcholine is not taken up by the presynaptic terminal and recycled. Instead, it is broken down by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetate. The choline can be taken up by the presynaptic neuron and used to make more acetylcholine, but the acetylcholine molecule itself is not recycled.
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