ALKYL HALIDES AND ARYL HALIDES● Poly halogen compounds like chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DDT● define ambident nucleophile, stereogenic centre ● name reactions swarts, Fittig, Wurtz ● what happens whenmethylbromide reacts with sodium in presence of dryethermethyl chloride reacts with potassium cyanideMethyl Bromide reacts with silver cyanideChlorobenzene reacts with sodiumhydroxide at 623 K

ALKYL HALIDES AND ARYL HALIDES:

1. Poly halogen compounds like chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DDT:

   • These are examples of poly halogen compounds, which contain multiple halogen atoms (such as chlorine or bromine) in their structure.

2. Ambident nucleophile:

   • An ambident nucleophile is a molecule or ion that can attack an electrophile at two different atoms or positions. For example, cyanide ion (CN-) can attack at either the carbon or nitrogen atom.

3. Stereogenic centre:

   • A stereogenic center is an atom in a molecule that gives rise to stereoisomers when its substituents are different. It is typically a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

4. Name reactions: Swarts, Fittig, Wurtz:

   • Swarts reaction: In this reaction, an alkyl halide is treated with a metal fluoride to form a fluorocarbon compound.
   • Fittig reaction: This reaction involves the coupling of two aryl halides to form a biaryl compound using a metal catalyst.
   • Wurtz reaction: In this reaction, two alkyl halides are treated with sodium metal to form a higher alkane.

Reactions:

1. Methyl bromide reacts with sodium in the presence of dry ether:

   • This reaction is known as the Wurtz reaction. Methyl bromide (CH3Br) reacts with sodium (Na) in the presence of dry ether to form ethane (CH3CH3).

2. Methyl chloride reacts with potassium cyanide:

   • In this reaction, methyl chloride (CH3Cl) reacts with potassium cyanide (KCN) to form methyl cyanide (CH3CN).

3. Methyl bromide reacts with silver cyanide:

   • This reaction involves the substitution of the bromine atom in methyl bromide (CH3Br) with the cyanide ion (CN-) from silver cyanide (AgCN), resulting in the formation of methyl cyanide (CH3CN).

4. Chlorobenzene reacts with sodium hydroxide at 623 K:

   • At a high temperature of 623 K, chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium phenoxide (C6H5ONa) and sodium chloride (NaCl). This reaction is known as the phenol synthesis reaction.