Which nerve roots innervate the diaphragm?

The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerves, which arise from the cervical nerve roots C3, C4, and C5 in the neck. Here are the steps:

1. The nerve roots C3, C4, and C5 exit the spinal cord in the neck region.
2. These nerve roots converge to form the right and left phrenic nerves.
3. The phrenic nerves descend through the neck, passing between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.
4. The phrenic nerves provide motor innervation, which controls the contraction of the diaphragm, and sensory innervation, which provides sensation to the central part of the diaphragm.

So, the nerve roots that innervate the diaphragm are C3, C4, and C5.