Briefly explain the meaning of the following terms as used in java programming. Give javacode example for each case. [6 Marks]i) Classii) Variableiii) Inheritance

i) Class: In Java programming, a class is a blueprint or a template that defines the structure and behavior of objects. It is used to create objects, which are instances of the class. A class can have variables (also known as fields) to store data, and methods to perform actions or operations on that data.

Example:

public class Car {
    // Variables
    String brand;
    int year;
    
    // Method
    public void startEngine() {
        System.out.println("Engine started!");
    }
}

ii) Variable: In Java programming, a variable is a named storage location that holds a value. It is used to store data that can be manipulated or accessed within a program. Variables have a data type, such as int, double, or String, which determines the type of data that can be stored in them.

Example:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Variables
        int age = 25;
        double height = 1.75;
        String name = "John";
        
        System.out.println("Name: " + name);
        System.out.println("Age: " + age);
        System.out.println("Height: " + height);
    }
}

iii) Inheritance: In Java programming, inheritance is a mechanism that allows a class to inherit the properties and methods of another class. The class that is being inherited from is called the superclass or parent class, and the class that inherits from it is called the subclass or child class. Inheritance promotes code reusability and allows for the creation of more specialized classes based on existing ones.

Example:

public class Animal {
    // Method
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("Animal is eating.");
    }
}

public class Dog extends Animal {
    // Method overriding
    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("Dog is eating.");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Creating objects
        Animal animal = new Animal();
        Dog dog = new Dog();
        
        // Calling methods
        animal.eat(); // Output: Animal is eating.
        dog.eat(); // Output: Dog is eating.
    }
}