Which of the following helps create the refractory period for action potentials frequency in muscle and nerve cells?Group of answer choicesclosed activation gate on voltage gated sodium channelslag for restoration of resting membrane potential by sodium-potassium pumpinability to reach threshold potential for the cellclosed inactivation gate on voltage gated sodium channelsclosed gates on voltage gated potassium channels
Question
Which of the following helps create the refractory period for action potentials frequency in muscle and nerve cells?Group of answer choicesclosed activation gate on voltage gated sodium channelslag for restoration of resting membrane potential by sodium-potassium pumpinability to reach threshold potential for the cellclosed inactivation gate on voltage gated sodium channelsclosed gates on voltage gated potassium channels
Solution
The refractory period for action potentials frequency in muscle and nerve cells is primarily created by the closed inactivation gate on voltage-gated sodium channels.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
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An action potential begins when a stimulus opens the activation gate on a voltage-gated sodium channel. Sodium ions rush into the cell, causing the membrane potential to become positive. This is the depolarization phase.
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Shortly after the activation gate opens, the inactivation gate on the same channel closes. This stops the influx of sodium ions, even if the membrane potential is still positive.
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The closing of the inactivation gate begins the refractory period. During this time, the neuron cannot generate another action potential, no matter how strong a stimulus it receives. This ensures that action potentials only travel in one direction along a neuron.
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The refractory period continues until the membrane potential returns to its resting state (repolarization). This is achieved by the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and the closing of sodium channels, which allows potassium ions to leave the cell.
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The sodium-potassium pump then restores the original ion distribution, with sodium ions outside the cell and potassium ions inside. This is the restoration of the resting membrane potential.
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Once the membrane potential is back to its resting state, the inactivation gate on the sodium channels reopens, ending the refractory period and allowing the neuron to generate another action potential when stimulated.
So, the closed inactivation gate on voltage-gated sodium channels is what primarily creates the refractory period for action potentials frequency in muscle and nerve cells.
Similar Questions
The upstroke li mb of the action potential in SA node cells in the cardiac muscle is inresponse to:A. Opening of voltage gated Na+ channels.B. Opening of Transient Ca 2 + channels.C. Opening of Longer lasting Ca 2+ channels.D. Opening of voltage gated K+ channels.E. Opening of voltage gated Na+ channels
What is a refractory period for a membrane?Multiple choice question.Threshold potential needed to initiate an action potential.Initial part of an action potential when Na+ is rushing into the cell.Period of time after an action potential when the membrane cannot send another action potential.
The relative refractory period is where it is more difficult to fire another action potential for a period after the absolute refractory period ends. Which of the following is typically the largest contributor to the relative refractory period?Group of answer choicesThe membrane resistance on the axon is lower than at restThe voltage gated potassium channels are in a state where they cannot openThe membrane potential is more negative than restThe sodium concentration gradient has decreased due to the firing of the previous action potentialVoltage gate sodium channels are in a state where they cannot open
A recently depolarized area of a cell membrane cannot generate an action potential because of theMultiple ChoiceThe high concentration of potassium ions in the cytoplasmPresence of receptor sites on the membraneAbsolute refractory periodHigh concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid
During these stages of an action potential, identify whether the voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are open or closed:RepolarisationAnswer 1 Question 13DepolarisationAnswer 2 Question 13RestAnswer 3 Question 13Hyperpolarisation
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