Select all that applyHow do macrophages kill microorganisms?Multiple select question.By secreting a variety of defensinsWith digestive enzymes within lysosomesBy producing interferons within lysosomesBy producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes
Question
Select all that applyHow do macrophages kill microorganisms?Multiple select question.By secreting a variety of defensinsWith digestive enzymes within lysosomesBy producing interferons within lysosomesBy producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes
Solution
Macrophages kill microorganisms in several ways:
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By secreting a variety of defensins: Defensins are small proteins that can kill bacteria, fungi, and even some viruses. They do this by disrupting the cell membranes of these microorganisms.
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With digestive enzymes within lysosomes: When a macrophage engulfs a microorganism, it traps it in a special compartment called a phagosome. This phagosome then fuses with a lysosome, which is a compartment filled with digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the microorganism, effectively killing it.
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By producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes: In addition to digestive enzymes, the phagosome-lysosome fusion can also produce reactive oxygen species, such as free radicals. These molecules can damage the microorganism's cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, leading to its death.
However, macrophages do not kill microorganisms by producing interferons within lysosomes. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells in response to viral infections. They help to inhibit the replication of viruses, but they do not directly kill microorganisms.
Similar Questions
Select all that applyWhich are characteristics of macrophages?Multiple select question.They are phagocytes.They have a regular shape.They kill microorganisms.They are small cells.
Select all that applyWhat are possible effects of defensins?Multiple select question.Disrupt the outer bacterial membraneSpeed up onset of inflammationMake holes in bacterial cell wallsEnhance phagocytosis
Select all functions of monocytes and/or macrophages.Multiple select question.Produce antibodiesDestroy pathogensClot the bloodStimulate lymphocytesPhagocytize cellular debris
Select all that applyWhich materials are consumed by macrophages?Multiple select question.Cellular debrisBlood cellsBacteriaViruses
We learned about specialized cells in the immune system that capture and destroy bacteria. Which of the following items are involved in this process? There is more than correct answer - check all the appropriate answers. Osmosis Phagocytosis Facilitated diffusion Lysosomes Exocytosis Na+ K+ pump Hydrolytic enzymes
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