Hypernatremia commonly occurs in _____Group of answer choicesDecreased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (siADH)Decreased aldosteroneNephrotic syndrome

Match the term with its description.Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Aldosterone Renin ADHMatch each of the options above to the items below.Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that acts on the kidneys to increase sodium retentionLow blood sodiumHormone secreted by the pituitary gland that signals the kidneys to decrease water excretionEnzyme formed in the kidneys in response to low blood pressureHigh blood potassium

A 6-day-old, genotypically normal (46,XX) female patient shows symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) and hypotonia (decreased muscle tone).  Physical examination reveals abnormal development of the external genitalia, and laboratory studies show elevated urinary sodium content, increased serum levels of potassium, and abnormal serum concentration of several steroid hormones.  The patient is diagnosed with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).CAH refers to a group of autosomal recessive diseases, each associated with defective production of one or more steroid hormones by the adrenal glands, two crescent-shaped glands located above each kidney in the abdominal cavity.  It has been reported that unequal crossing over involving chromosome 6 can result in CAH.  More than 90% of CAH diagnoses are associated with a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase, an enzyme encoded by the CYP21A2 gene on chromosome 6.Normally, 21-hydroxylase catalyzes chemical reactions involved in the synthesis of aldosterone and cortisol, the principal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones, respectively.  As a result, patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency exhibit diminished serum levels of aldosterone and cortisol.  However, synthesis and secretion of the sex hormone testosterone is excessive.  Among the normal actions of glucocorticoids are metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects, and glucocorticoid deficiency disrupts the negative feedback loop linking the brain to the adrenal gland.  Glucocorticoid deficiency can lead to hyperplasia (increased cell proliferation) of adrenal tissue.The patient's 21-hydroxylase deficiency is treated with regular administration of synthetic steroid hormones.  Her condition improves after receiving these medications. Question 30Given that the fusion of male and female gametes results in fertilization, which statement best explains how unequal crossing over during gametogenesis led to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the fertilized embryo?  One of the parental gametes:A.contained an extra copy of chromosome 6.B.contained no copies of chromosome 6.C.experienced an event in which the CYP21A2 gene was duplicated.D.underwent an event in which the CYP21A2 gene was deleted.

Addison's disease may result from the hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone. True False

Which disease is caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex in which the adrenocorticoid hormones are reduced?

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?