Why did Executive Order 9066, which ordered the internment of Japanese and Japanese-Americans for the duration of the war, not apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii?

D. Japanese AmericansAfter the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, fear and racism created a suspicion of Japanese-Americans and Japanese immigrants, particularly those living on the West Coast. Unsupported by evidence or fact, many Americans feared that Japanese-Americans would declare their loyalty to Japan, and aid America’s enemy in a secret West Coast attack. In February 1942, FDR issued Executive Order 9066, which forcibly removed 112,000 Japanese Americans—79,000 of whom were American citizens—from their homes on the West Coast and placed them into ten internment camps located in remote areas. The president’s order came less than three months after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, amid concerns that Japanese American citizens might pose a threat to national security. Under the Executive Order, Japanese Americans were given only a few days' notice to report for internment, and many had to sell their homes and businesses for much less than they were worth. In so doing, they lost much of what they had accrued (gained) in the course of their lives. The camps were surrounded by barbed wire, guard towers, searchlights and machine guns.In 1944, Fred Korematsu, a Japanese-American US citizen, sued the US government, claiming internment was unconstitutional and his rights as a citizen were being denied. In the case Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court disagreed with Korematsu, ruling that interning Japanese Americans during the war for purposes of "military necessity" was constitutional, and that sometimes, individual rights must be limited for public safety. Decades later, the US government apologized, and Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which provided financial compensation of $20,000 for each surviving detainee from the camps.QUESTION 510 pointsWhat were Japanese Internment camps and why were they created? What does this tell you about US society during WWII?

Document 3Source: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066, “Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas,” dealing with Japanese Americans, February 19, 1942Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities . . .I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War . . . to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded . . . such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of this order. . . .I hereby further authorize and direct the Secretary of War and the said Military Commanders to take such other steps as he or the appropriate Military Commander may deem advisable to enforce compliance with the restrictions applicable to each Military area hereinabove authorized to be designated, including the use of Federal troops and other Federal Agencies, with authority to accept assistance of state and local agencies.

[email protected], 70022.4. How did American minorities face threats to their freedom at home and abroad during World War II?Review the textbook as well as the following video with author Eric Foner on the 1944 Supreme Court case Korematsu v. United States.Identify some of the important figures involved in this landmark case concerning the internment of Japanese Americans.Drag each item on the left to its matching item on the right.Franklin RooseveltRobert A. JacksonBill ClintonFred KorematsuAmerican citizen who refused to comply with an internment orderPresident of the United States who awarded Fred Korematsu the Presidential Medal of Freedompresident of the United States who issued Executive Order 9066 relocating all persons of Japanese descent from the U.S. West CoastSupreme Court Justice who issued a now-famous dissent on the Court’s decision in Korematsu v. United States

In the Supreme Court case Korematsu v. United States, the judicial majority voted to uphold the order for Japanese American internment during World War II. In the minority, Judge Robert A. Jackson wrote a dissenting opinion warning against government-sponsored racism called “From Justice Robert A. Jackson, Dissent,” included in your textbook.Match Jackson’s main points to the quotation they describe.Drag each item on the left to its matching item on the right.Military decisions, such as Korematsu, are declared by the federal government, not the Supreme Court.A person should not be assumed guilty based on their heritage or the transgressions of their ancestors.By upholding this decision, future courts and legislators may distort the ruling to apply to other citizens based on race or ethnicity.“A military order, however unconstitutional, is not apt to last longer than the military emergency. Even during that period, a succeeding commander may revoke it all. But once a judicial opinion rationalizes such an order to show that it conforms to the Constitution, or rather rationalizes the Constitution to show that the Constitution sanctions such an order, the Court for all time has validated the principle of racial discrimination in criminal procedure and of transplanting American citizens.”“In the very nature of things, military decisions are not susceptible of intelligent judicial appraisal… Courts can never have any real alternative to accepting the mere declaration of the authority that issued the order that it was reasonably necessary from a military viewpoint.”“Now, if any fundamental assumption underlies our system, it is that guilt is personal and not inheritable. Even if all of one’s antecedents had been convicted of treason, the Constitution forbids its penalties to be visited upon him. . . . But here is an attempt to make an otherwise innocent act a crime merely because this prisoner is the son of parents as to whom he had no choice, and belongs to a race from which there is no way to resign. . . .”

Which statement regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II is FALSE?Multiple ChoiceThe internment camps were essentially prisons.The order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944.Japanese American children were put through a rigorous school system while at the internment camps.President Roosevelt was pressured by both military and political leaders to authorize the internment.Most of those interned lost all their property and possessions.