Directions for questions 8 and 9: Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text and indicate the number corresponding with it in the box provided below each question. The goals of planning the economy emphasize a steady rate of growth at about 5-6 percent per annum, a continuous and perceptible improvement in living standards in the foreseeable future. This involves a more equitable distribution of income and wealth, a balanced pattern of regional development and lesser dependence on foreign aid by pursuing policies of export promotion and import substitution and expansion of basic, heavy and defence industries with the object of building an industrial base of the economy. There is no doubt that a judicious and harmonious process of development requires a balancing of these objectives. More and more expert opinion is veering round to the view that an employment oriented strategy of industrial development provides the best answer to the challenge of unemployment and underemployment posed to an underdeveloped economy like India. That being so, it would be worthwhile to outline the contours of an employment-oriented strategy.Growth of the economy in India can happen only if there is a steady improvement in the standards of living of everyone. The industrial base of the country should be developed so as to generate employment and the country should not depend too much on foreign aid.The objectives of sound planning for economic growth should consider a steady rise of national wealth and an equitable distribution of the same. Industrial development, which generates employment, may be a useful policy in achieving this objective.Sound planning for economic growth involves industrial development, which will generate employment and wealth. Increased self-reliance and an equitable distribution of wealth will ensure a steady 5-6 per cent growth.Planning for the growth of the economy should involve a steady annual growth and a discernable improvement in living standards. Increased self-reliance and a balanced progress as also industrial development, which generates employment, is a good policy to pursue.

The goals of planning the economy emphasize a steady rate of growth at about 5-6 percent per annum, a continuous and perceptible improvement in living standards in the foreseeable future. This involves a more equitable distribution of income and wealth, a balanced pattern of regional development and lesser dependence on foreign aid by pursuing policies of export promotion and import substitution and expansion of basic, heavy and defence industries with the object of building an industrial base of the economy. There is no doubt that a judicious and harmonious process of development requires a balancing of these objectives. More and more expert opinion is veering round to the view that an employment-oriented strategy of industrial development provides the best answer to the challenge of unemployment and underemployment posed to an underdeveloped economy like India. That being so, it would be worthwhile to outline the contours of an employment-oriented strategy.(1) Growth of the economy in India can happen only if there is a steady improvement in the standards of living of everyone. The industrial base of the country should be developed so as to generate employment and the country should not depend too much on foreign aid.(2) The objectives of sound planning for economic growth should consider a steady rise of national wealth and an equitable distribution of the same. Industrial development, which generates employment, may be a useful policy in achieving this objective.(3) Sound planning for economic growth involves industrial development, which will generate employment and wealth. Increased self-reliance and an equitable distribution of wealth will ensure a steady 5-6 per cent growth.(4) Planning for the growth of the economy should involve a steady annual growth and a discernable improvement in living standards. Increased self-reliance and a balanced progress as also industrial development, which generates employment, is a good policy to pursue.

Directions for questions 6 and 7: The following questions have a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.We are increasingly told that the inflow of capital — particularly the foreign direct investment (FDI) variety — increases employment levels and contributes to economic growth. In a rare interview given to The Wall Street Journal in May, Prime Minister Narendra Modi reinforced the role of FDI for India: "To set a strong foundation for sustainable growth, we have run the most prudent macro-economic administration in decades, reducing fiscal and current account deficits. We have made India a destination which welcomes capital by liberalising foreign-direct investment policy, increasing the ease of doing business.” Recently, the government further relaxed the FDI policy. ______An FDI mania appears to have gripped our policymakers.However, there are no a priori reasons for favouring foreign investment over domestic investment under normal economic conditions.But foreign investment is an option in the short term.A probable positive consequence of foreign investment is the inflow of new technology and its subsequent diffusion.

Directions for questions 7 and 8: The following question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.One of the most crucial elements in China’s rapid economic growth from the 1980s onwards was not just Deng Xiaoping’s reforms but Mao Tse-tung’s campaign two decades earlier to achieve universal literacy. It is education that has underpinned China’s transformation from an agricultural to an urbanised society. Deng gets the credit for economic reforms in the 1980s and Mao the brickbats for his brutal methods in the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. ______If literacy remains abysmal social and economic growth will remain a distant dream.Hence, China should realize the importance of universal literacy in transforming itself into a multi-trillion dollar economy in future.But it was Mao’s campaign for universal literacy that enabled Deng’s economic reforms to bear fruit.But, Mao made no attempt to establish a high-growth economy.

Directions for questions 1 to 4: The sentences given in each of the following questions, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is indicated with a number. Choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph and indicate the correct sequence in the box provided below each question.According to latest data available, project costs have exceeded the original estimates by as much as 45%.The country is being told that various public-sector projects are delayed and will suffer consignment cost overruns.According to reports, something like 300 mega and major projects will now cost the exchequer anything upto `100,500 crore against an estimated `60,000 crore at the time of the original conception of the projects.Apart from overruns, delays can account for anything from one to nine months.

The sustainable development goals (aka the Millennium Development goals) established by the United Nations are meant to Blank______.Multiple choice question.promote democratic capitalismdecrease population growthreduce global poverty