Directions for questions 7 and 8: The following question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.One of the most crucial elements in China’s rapid economic growth from the 1980s onwards was not just Deng Xiaoping’s reforms but Mao Tse-tung’s campaign two decades earlier to achieve universal literacy. It is education that has underpinned China’s transformation from an agricultural to an urbanised society. Deng gets the credit for economic reforms in the 1980s and Mao the brickbats for his brutal methods in the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. ______If literacy remains abysmal social and economic growth will remain a distant dream.Hence, China should realize the importance of universal literacy in transforming itself into a multi-trillion dollar economy in future.But it was Mao’s campaign for universal literacy that enabled Deng’s economic reforms to bear fruit.But, Mao made no attempt to establish a high-growth economy.

Directions for questions 6 and 7: The following questions have a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.We are increasingly told that the inflow of capital — particularly the foreign direct investment (FDI) variety — increases employment levels and contributes to economic growth. In a rare interview given to The Wall Street Journal in May, Prime Minister Narendra Modi reinforced the role of FDI for India: "To set a strong foundation for sustainable growth, we have run the most prudent macro-economic administration in decades, reducing fiscal and current account deficits. We have made India a destination which welcomes capital by liberalising foreign-direct investment policy, increasing the ease of doing business.” Recently, the government further relaxed the FDI policy. ______An FDI mania appears to have gripped our policymakers.However, there are no a priori reasons for favouring foreign investment over domestic investment under normal economic conditions.But foreign investment is an option in the short term.A probable positive consequence of foreign investment is the inflow of new technology and its subsequent diffusion.

Directions for questions 8 and 9: Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text and indicate the number corresponding with it in the box provided below each question. The goals of planning the economy emphasize a steady rate of growth at about 5-6 percent per annum, a continuous and perceptible improvement in living standards in the foreseeable future. This involves a more equitable distribution of income and wealth, a balanced pattern of regional development and lesser dependence on foreign aid by pursuing policies of export promotion and import substitution and expansion of basic, heavy and defence industries with the object of building an industrial base of the economy. There is no doubt that a judicious and harmonious process of development requires a balancing of these objectives. More and more expert opinion is veering round to the view that an employment oriented strategy of industrial development provides the best answer to the challenge of unemployment and underemployment posed to an underdeveloped economy like India. That being so, it would be worthwhile to outline the contours of an employment-oriented strategy.Growth of the economy in India can happen only if there is a steady improvement in the standards of living of everyone. The industrial base of the country should be developed so as to generate employment and the country should not depend too much on foreign aid.The objectives of sound planning for economic growth should consider a steady rise of national wealth and an equitable distribution of the same. Industrial development, which generates employment, may be a useful policy in achieving this objective.Sound planning for economic growth involves industrial development, which will generate employment and wealth. Increased self-reliance and an equitable distribution of wealth will ensure a steady 5-6 per cent growth.Planning for the growth of the economy should involve a steady annual growth and a discernable improvement in living standards. Increased self-reliance and a balanced progress as also industrial development, which generates employment, is a good policy to pursue.

Directions for questions 6 and 7: The following questions have a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.Almost everyone praises education, but consensus dissolves over who should pay for it. This dilemma runs deep in our history, back to the founders who led the American Revolution and designed a more participatory form of government, known as a republic. They declared that Americans needed more and better education to preserve their state and national republics from relapsing into tyranny. A governor of Virginia, William H. Cabell, asserted in 1808 that education “constitutes one of the great pillars on which the civil liberties of a nation depend.” ______More than a mere boon for individuals, education must teach citizens to distinguish worthy from treacherous candidates for office—lest the republic succumbs to those reckless demagogues or would-be aristocrats.To sustain their republics, American leaders should reform the morals and manners of the nation’s citizens.More than a mere boon for individuals, education is a collective, social benefit essential for free government to endure.More than a mere boon for individuals, education should produce well-informed protectors of republican government.

Directions for questions 1 to 5: In each question, there are five sentences or parts of sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage. Then, choose the most appropriate option.a.  The shocking denial of access to basic facilities at the village level institutionalizes inequality of opportunity and has prevented the poor from rising.b.  Urban facilities provide some social mobility.c.  But rural facilities are so typically pathetic as to become poverty traps.d.  For this, our politicians are squarely to blame for these heroes are the zeroes who ensured continuing inequality of opportunity, poverty and powerlessness.e.  Their solution is to compete in offering caste-based reservations, not providing the equality of opportunity that might make caste irrelevant.a and ca, b and ec and db and c

Directions for questions 1 to 3: The sentences given in each of the following questions, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is indicated with a number. Choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph, and mark the correct sequence of numbers in the box provided below each question.On April 3, however, Australian Prime Minister John Howard and his Chinese counterpart Wen Jiabao oversaw the signing in Canberra of a bilateral nuclear deal.The political message could not have been more vivid in exposing the limitations of the US influence over Australia.Political and not just economic diplomacy fashioned China’s early-April agreement with Australia to buy its uranium for nuclear power generation.In March, the US had launched a political level forum for dialogue with Australia and Japan in a bid to checkmate China in the Asia Pacific region.Revealing indeed was the triumph of not only China’s strategy but also Australia’s autonomy as regards the United States.