A 42-year-old man comes to the office due to worsening skin lesions. Three months ago, he noticed scaly patches on his elbows, which rapidly progressed in size and number to involve other body areas. The lesions are not painful but are mildly pruritic. The patient also has had stiffness and pain of the hand joints bilaterally for the past 2 weeks. He has never had similar skin lesions and has no medical conditions other than genital herpes, for which he takes daily suppressive antiviral therapy. The patient occasionally drinks alcohol but does not use tobacco or recreational drugs. Temperature is 37.1 C (98.7 F), blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, and pulse is 80/min. Skin examination shows large, erythematous plaques covered by thick, adherent, silvery-white scales on the elbows, knees, torso, and scalp. When the scales are removed, pinpoint areas of hemorrhage can be observed. In addition to treating the skin lesions, which of the following diagnostic studies is most appropriate in management of this patient?
Question
A 42-year-old man comes to the office due to worsening skin lesions. Three months ago, he noticed scaly patches on his elbows, which rapidly progressed in size and number to involve other body areas. The lesions are not painful but are mildly pruritic. The patient also has had stiffness and pain of the hand joints bilaterally for the past 2 weeks. He has never had similar skin lesions and has no medical conditions other than genital herpes, for which he takes daily suppressive antiviral therapy. The patient occasionally drinks alcohol but does not use tobacco or recreational drugs. Temperature is 37.1 C (98.7 F), blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, and pulse is 80/min. Skin examination shows large, erythematous plaques covered by thick, adherent, silvery-white scales on the elbows, knees, torso, and scalp. When the scales are removed, pinpoint areas of hemorrhage can be observed. In addition to treating the skin lesions, which of the following diagnostic studies is most appropriate in management of this patient?
Solution
The patient's symptoms and physical examination findings are consistent with psoriasis, a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques with thick, silvery scales. The presence of joint pain and stiffness in this patient raises concern for psoriatic arthritis, which occurs in up to 30% of patients with psoriasis.
Psoriatic arthritis is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that can cause peripheral joint pain and swelling, dactylitis, and nail changes (eg, pitting). In addition, patients can have axial involvement, including sacroiliitis and spondylitis.
Early recognition and treatment of psoriatic arthritis is important because delayed treatment can lead to irreversible joint damage. Therefore, patients with psoriasis who have joint symptoms should be referred to a rheumatologist for further evaluation.
The most appropriate diagnostic study in this patient with psoriasis and new-onset joint pain would be referral for rheumatologic evaluation. This typically involves a physical examination, laboratory studies (eg, inflammatory markers, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide), and imaging of the affected joints.
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