DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question based on it.The Green Revolution of the 1960s, for example, ushered in the industrialisation of Indian farming by introducing new, higher-yielding varieties of rice and new technologies, from pesticides to tractors, had had an enduring impact on the diets of those I worked with….. And while new farming methods had no doubt increased yields, they had also, according to my older research participants, changed the flavours and mouth-feel of what they ate. “The taste was better back then,” said Abdullah, wistfully. It was a common trope among people over fifty. “The smoke from the firewood flavoured the food more,” he went on, “and because vegetables were grown in buffalo dung, without ‘medicines,’ they were more natural. You could even eat raw vegetables then, and they would really taste good…..”Such comments were noticeably consistent across other parts of India (and indeed elsewhere). Farmers, herders, and artisans from comparable age groups in rural Rajasthan, for example, talked of a decline in taste and nourishment, which, as was the case for my interlocutors, they blamed on everyday chemical fertilisers and new grain varieties……...Over time, the symbolic dominance of rice might again shift in relation to the material circumstances in which it is engaged. Even as recently as the late 1980s, for example, women I knew in Anandapuram spent hours shaking and sifting through uncooked rice in order to separate the grains from loose pieces of husk and stray stones that, in the intervening years, the industrialisation of rice packaging had virtually eliminated. No one ever told me that they wished to return to doing that painstaking work, even if they missed the drawn-out conversations with neighbours, the tempo of which was determined by the task, that often accompanied it……….……The ratio of rice to accompaniment had decreased in Anandapuram over the last thirty years, at least among families whose income levels had increased, and whose work had shifted from heavy manual labour to more sedentary occupations, such as driving cars or working in call centres.A related change was that the availability and consumption of snacks had also risen in Anandapuram, Bhavanipur, and, I suspect, Hyderabad over the past two decades. Correspondingly, the dishes served to flavour the rice was less fiery than in the past, and the spices were often bought ready-ground in sealed packets rather than purchased loose and roughly pounded at home on a grinding stone, giving different textures as well as subtly different flavours to domestic cuisine. ……….. Foods not only had less taste but, he implied, were now more bafflingly complicated than in the past, when a more straightforward way of life had been possible.Nevertheless – and in direct contrast to Amaravathi’s earlier comment that milk direct from the buffalo herder was purer than packaged milk from the dairy – my friends in Anandapuram at the same time urged me to buy spices in sealed packets rather than those sold loose from sacks in the market, because they were less liable to be contaminated or, in local parlance, “duplicate.” There was an ambivalence toward change, as things seemed to be simultaneously getting better and worse.Other dietary changes included a gradual shift, as witnessed elsewhere, toward more processed and convenience foods…..When I was called to dine at people’s houses on my most recent trips to India, for example, there were seldom fewer than three dishes on offer, even before curd, chutney, sweets, and bananas were taken into account. In the 1980s and early 1990s, I was much more likely to have been served a single curry with the rice….. Which of the following best describes the change in flavor of food since Green Revolution Earlier the food was flavored by smoke in firewood The mouth-feel of food has altered since Green Revolution Since Green Revolution, flavor of food has reduced The food has lost its flavor since Green Revolution
Question
DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question based on it.The Green Revolution of the 1960s, for example, ushered in the industrialisation of Indian farming by introducing new, higher-yielding varieties of rice and new technologies, from pesticides to tractors, had had an enduring impact on the diets of those I worked with….. And while new farming methods had no doubt increased yields, they had also, according to my older research participants, changed the flavours and mouth-feel of what they ate. “The taste was better back then,” said Abdullah, wistfully. It was a common trope among people over fifty. “The smoke from the firewood flavoured the food more,” he went on, “and because vegetables were grown in buffalo dung, without ‘medicines,’ they were more natural. You could even eat raw vegetables then, and they would really taste good…..”Such comments were noticeably consistent across other parts of India (and indeed elsewhere). Farmers, herders, and artisans from comparable age groups in rural Rajasthan, for example, talked of a decline in taste and nourishment, which, as was the case for my interlocutors, they blamed on everyday chemical fertilisers and new grain varieties……...Over time, the symbolic dominance of rice might again shift in relation to the material circumstances in which it is engaged. Even as recently as the late 1980s, for example, women I knew in Anandapuram spent hours shaking and sifting through uncooked rice in order to separate the grains from loose pieces of husk and stray stones that, in the intervening years, the industrialisation of rice packaging had virtually eliminated. No one ever told me that they wished to return to doing that painstaking work, even if they missed the drawn-out conversations with neighbours, the tempo of which was determined by the task, that often accompanied it……….……The ratio of rice to accompaniment had decreased in Anandapuram over the last thirty years, at least among families whose income levels had increased, and whose work had shifted from heavy manual labour to more sedentary occupations, such as driving cars or working in call centres.A related change was that the availability and consumption of snacks had also risen in Anandapuram, Bhavanipur, and, I suspect, Hyderabad over the past two decades. Correspondingly, the dishes served to flavour the rice was less fiery than in the past, and the spices were often bought ready-ground in sealed packets rather than purchased loose and roughly pounded at home on a grinding stone, giving different textures as well as subtly different flavours to domestic cuisine. ……….. Foods not only had less taste but, he implied, were now more bafflingly complicated than in the past, when a more straightforward way of life had been possible.Nevertheless – and in direct contrast to Amaravathi’s earlier comment that milk direct from the buffalo herder was purer than packaged milk from the dairy – my friends in Anandapuram at the same time urged me to buy spices in sealed packets rather than those sold loose from sacks in the market, because they were less liable to be contaminated or, in local parlance, “duplicate.” There was an ambivalence toward change, as things seemed to be simultaneously getting better and worse.Other dietary changes included a gradual shift, as witnessed elsewhere, toward more processed and convenience foods…..When I was called to dine at people’s houses on my most recent trips to India, for example, there were seldom fewer than three dishes on offer, even before curd, chutney, sweets, and bananas were taken into account. In the 1980s and early 1990s, I was much more likely to have been served a single curry with the rice….. Which of the following best describes the change in flavor of food since Green Revolution Earlier the food was flavored by smoke in firewood The mouth-feel of food has altered since Green Revolution Since Green Revolution, flavor of food has reduced The food has lost its flavor since Green Revolution
Solution
The passage suggests that since the Green Revolution, the flavor of food has changed. According to older research participants, the taste was better before the introduction of new farming methods, chemical fertilizers, and new grain varieties. They believe that the food was more natural and had a better taste when it was grown in buffalo dung and without 'medicines'. They also mentioned that the smoke from the firewood added flavor to the food. Therefore, the statement that best describes the change in flavor of food since the Green Revolution is: "Since Green Revolution, flavor of food has reduced".
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