Question No. 1: (Marks 10) Suppose a Station A transmits a message containing five characters to Station B using Even Parity encoding to ensure data integrity during transmission. Each character consists of 8 bits encoded in the ASCII. Station B receives the message of five 9-bit data elements and needs to extract the 8-bit data message from each element and decode it using ASCII to form meaningful words. The data elements received by Station B are: Received 9-bit Data Elements: 010101100 010101010 010011001 010011010 010100110 Assuming the data is received correctly without any errors by Station B, you are required to do the following tasks: 1. Extract 8-bit Data Message: Remove the Parity bits to extract the 8-bit data message from each 9-bit received element. 2. Decode and Extract using ASCII: Convert each 8-bit data message into its corresponding ASCII character to extract the meaningful words. Give your answer in the following table: Received Message 010101100 010101010 010011001 010011010 010100110 Data message (Bits)? Decoded Message?

Consider the following sentence (you don’t need to consider the spaces betweencharacters).“MADAM I AM ADAM”1. Assume that 8-bit extended ASCII encoding is used to represent the above sentence.Find out how many bytes are required to represent the above sentence.2. What is the minimum/optimum number of bits needed to represent the abovesentence?3. Calculate the number of bits that are necessary to represent the above sentence usingHuffman encoding.4. Using Huffman encoding how would you represent the following sequence ofcharacters? “DAMMA”

In a computer network, a device A is sending a series of 8-bit binary data packets todevice B. To ensure that the data is transmitted correctly, a parity bit is used forsimple error detection. Each 8-bit data packet is followed by a single parity bit,making it a 9-bit packet. Assume that an odd parity check is used.For each of the following 8-bit data packets, calculate the appropriate parity bit andprovide the resulting 9-bit packet:a) 11010110 ………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]b) 00110011………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]c) 11111100………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]Explain why using a parity bit can help detect errors in these data packets.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

A message comprises a set of symbols which are to be mapped onto binary code words for transmission. The code word set is {000000, 000111, 010010, 100001, 110011, 111000}. How many bit errors in a code word can be reliably detected? (Type a number only - no units.)

Suppose that the following character coding is used in a data link protocol:ABFLAGESCAssume a frame to be sent over a transmission link contains the following payload:ABESCFLAGShow the bit sequence of the payload transmitted over the link,i. If the frarning protocol uses bye stuffing.ii. If the framing protocol uses bit stuffing.Suppose both the starting and ending delimiter of a frame is 01 1 I I 1 1 0.

The most common binary data encoding on the Internet – at least below the application layer – is big-endian encoding.Question 7Select one:TrueFalse