Distinguish between method over ridding and method overloading as used in objectedoriented programming languages such as java. Give an example java code implementingfor each case

In object-oriented programming languages like Java, method overriding and method overloading are two different concepts.

Method Overriding:

• Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.
• The purpose of method overriding is to provide a specific implementation of a method in the subclass, which may differ from the implementation in the superclass.
• Method overriding is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

Example Java code for method overriding:

class Animal {
    public void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Animal is making a sound");
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    @Override
    public void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Cat is meowing");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal animal = new Animal();
        animal.makeSound();  // Output: Animal is making a sound
        
        Cat cat = new Cat();
        cat.makeSound();  // Output: Cat is meowing
    }
}

Method Overloading:

• Method overloading occurs when multiple methods in the same class have the same name but different parameters.
• The methods must have different parameter types, different number of parameters, or both.
• The purpose of method overloading is to provide multiple ways to invoke a method with different arguments.
• Method overloading is determined at compile-time based on the arguments passed to the method.

Example Java code for method overloading:

class Calculator {
    public int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
    
    public double add(double a, double b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        
        int sum1 = calculator.add(5, 10);
        System.out.println("Sum1: " + sum1);  // Output: Sum1: 15
        
        double sum2 = calculator.add(2.5, 3.7);
        System.out.println("Sum2: " + sum2);  // Output: Sum2: 6.2
    }
}

In the above example, the add method is overloaded with different parameter types (integers and doubles), allowing us to perform addition with different types of arguments.