A typical consumer's food basket in the base year 2015 is as follows:- 20 Burgers at $10 each- 5 Coffee at $4 each- 5 Chicken at $5 eachIn 2016, a sudden incidence of mad cow disease in Australia causes beef shortage and the price of burger rises to $15 each. Coffee rises to $5 each, and the price of chicken increases to 7$ each in 2016. Given higher prices of all 3 goods in 2016, and also the fact that consumers are completely indifferent between 3 chickens and 1 burger. How does the cost-of-eating change in 2016 compared to 2015 if consumers can substitute between chicken and burger to minimize their cost of eating in 2016?
Question
A typical consumer's food basket in the base year 2015 is as follows:- 20 Burgers at 4 each- 5 Chicken at 15 each. Coffee rises to each in 2016. Given higher prices of all 3 goods in 2016, and also the fact that consumers are completely indifferent between 3 chickens and 1 burger. How does the cost-of-eating change in 2016 compared to 2015 if consumers can substitute between chicken and burger to minimize their cost of eating in 2016?
Solution
To answer this question, we first need to calculate the cost of the food basket in the base year 2015 and then in 2016.
In 2015, the cost of the food basket was:
- 20 Burgers at 200
- 5 Coffee at 20
- 5 Chicken at 25 So, the total cost in 2015 was 20 + 245
In 2016, the prices increased to:
- 20 Burgers at 300
- 5 Coffee at 25
- 5 Chicken at 35 So, the total cost in 2016 without substitution would be 25 + 360
However, the question states that consumers are completely indifferent between 3 chickens and 1 burger. This means that consumers can substitute 3 chickens for 1 burger to minimize their cost of eating in 2016.
So, instead of buying 20 burgers, consumers can buy 60 chickens. The cost of 60 chickens at 420.
But, since the consumers already bought 5 chickens, they only need to buy 55 more chickens. The cost of 55 chickens at 385.
So, the total cost in 2016 with substitution is 25 (for coffee) = $410
Therefore, the cost-of-eating in 2016 increased by 245 = $165 compared to 2015, even with the substitution of chicken for burgers.
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