Why is the legal status of e-pharmacies not clear in India?Vested interests like trade associations of brick and also there are various court cases pending pertaining to such pharmacies.The government has not yet notified any proper laws to govern such pharmacies   Vested interests like trade associations of brick and mortar pharmacies do not want such pharmacies to sustain and the government has not yet notified any proper laws to govern such pharmacies  Vested interests like trade associations of brick and mortar pharmacies do not want such pharmacies to sustain.There are various court cases pending pertaining to such pharmacies.

E-pharmacies, which operate through websites or smartphone apps on the Internet, offer medicines for sale at a discount of at least 20% when compared to traditional pharmacists, with the added convenience of home delivery of medicines to one’s doorstep. For scheduled drugs, patients can submit photographs of prescriptions while placing orders. Despite operating in India for at least four years now, the legal status of these e-pharmacies is not clear because the government is yet to notify into law draft rules that it published in 2018.The fiercest opponents of e-pharmacies are trade associations of existing pharmacists and chemists. They argue that their livelihoods are threatened by venture capital backed e-pharmacies and that jobs of thousands are on the line. Apart from these obvious arguments, these trade associations also spin imaginary tales of how e-pharmacies will open the door to drug abuse and also the sale of sub-standard or counterfeit drugs, thereby threatening public health. There is enough evidence on record to demonstrate how existing pharmacies contribute generously to drug abuse and sale of sub-standard medicine. There is no reason to suspect that e-pharmacies are going to worsen the situation in anyway.The more prudent way of looking at the entry of e-pharmacies is competition and the resultant effect it will have on lowering the price of medicine for Indian patients. Viewed from this perspective, there is virtually no doubt that e-pharmacies should be allowed to operate because the history of India’s trade associations of pharmacists is one of rampant, unabashed cartelisation that has resulted in an artificial inflation of medicine prices.This practice of two competitors colluding to fix the sale price and area of operation is called cartelisation, and is illegal under India’s Competition Act. The premise of this law is that a free market is efficient only if all sellers are competing with each other to offer the lowest price to the customer.Q.16 :-Which of the following strengthens the argument for e-pharmacies?It will lead to more research in pharmaceuticals.It will lead to an increase in competition.It will lead to more research in pharmaceuticals and It will lead to decrease in medicine prices.It will lead to decrease in medicine prices and  will lead to an increase in competition.It will lead to more research in pharmaceuticals, It will lead to decrease in medicine prices and will lead to an increase in competition.

Why do trade associations of existing pharmacists and chemists oppose e-pharmacies?They will have to adapt and move online as well in the future.Their livelihood is threatened by such e-pharmacies.They will lead to possible drug abuse and sale of counterfeit medicines and their livelihood is threatened by such e-pharmacies.They will lead to possible drug abuse and sale of counterfeit medicines and they will have to adapt and move online as well in the future. They will lead to possible drug abuse and sale of counterfeit medicines , they will have to adapt and move online as well in the future.and their livelihood is threatened by such e-pharmacies.

Statement: Should all the drugs patented and manufactured in Western countries be first tried out on sample basis before giving licence for sale to general public in India? Arguments: I. Yes, Many such drugs require different doses and duration for Indian population and hence it is necessary. II. No, This is just not feasible and hence cannot be implemented.a.Neither I nor II is strongb.Both I and II are strongc.Only argument II is strongd.Only argument I is stronge.Either I or II is strong

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1971-1977) banned the printing of names of pharmaceutical companieson medicinal products in 1972. The medicines would be sold in the name of their chemicalformulae only.This step of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto resulted inA. the medicines becoming readily available in the market.B. drugs companies closing their operations in Pakistan.C. the increased use of herbal medicines by the masses.D. medicines being sold without doctors’ prescriptions

Show the potential impact of Common Drug Codes on reducing medication errors in India. Explain how they mitigate errors